Bethe Ansatz: A Near-Perfect Quantum Theory

Physicist Hans Bethe, while studying spin chains, developed a near-perfect quantum theory—the Bethe Ansatz. He elegantly handled the interactions of spin waves, accurately calculating energy for various states. Though initially failing to explain real-world magnets, the Bethe Ansatz proved powerful in other areas, such as explaining peculiar phenomena in low-temperature ice. Using the Bethe Ansatz, physicists could precisely calculate the probabilities of measuring specific patterns in experiments, again demonstrating the theory's perfection.