Stone-Wales Transformations: Topological Twists in Fullerene and Graphene
2025-07-12
This post explores the Stone-Wales transformation, a 90° rotation of a π bond between carbon atoms, in both fullerene and graphene. This simple topological transformation, akin to Pachner moves, changes two hexagons and two pentagons into two pentagons and two hexagons in fullerene, and four hexagons into two pentagons and two heptagons in graphene. The post also discusses the Arrhenius equation and its application in predicting the rate of Stone-Wales transformations, highlighting the need for a more complete theory to describe the random occurrence of such topological transformations.