Methylene Blue: Miracle Supplement or Dangerous Hype?

Methylene blue, an old drug, has recently resurfaced as a potential 'miracle supplement,' touted for memory improvement, increased energy, and mood regulation. However, the reality is more nuanced. This article delves into methylene blue's cellular mechanisms, including its roles as a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, mitochondrial helper, and nitric oxide blocker. While in vitro and animal studies show promise, human trials are inconclusive, with small sample sizes and inconsistent results. Furthermore, methylene blue exhibits a hormetic effect—low doses might be beneficial, while high doses are harmful, potentially causing side effects such as blue urine, bladder irritation, nausea, vomiting, headaches, and even life-threatening complications. Therefore, until further research confirms its safety and efficacy, self-administering methylene blue is strongly discouraged.