Peruvian Identity and Inca Art: A Century-Old Debate

In 1930, the Lima National School of Fine Arts' introduction of an Inca art course ignited a fierce controversy. Painter Antonino Espinosa Saldaña publicly denounced the existence of Inca art, arguing it lacked aesthetic merit. This debate centered on the construction of modern Peruvian national identity and the place of Indigenous people in society. The Indigenist art movement sought to ground Peru's artistic future in the pre-Columbian past, overlooking the artistic legacy of Spanish colonial rule. This seemingly innocuous art class reflected deep cultural contradictions and identity crises within Peruvian society.