The Optimization Challenges of Low-Level Languages and the Future of Polyglot Programming

A recurring problem in modern “low-level” languages is the difficulty in optimization due to their disconnect from hardware. The author uses Haskell and Futhark as examples, highlighting the advantages of functional languages in optimization. Their restrictive design and referential transparency allow compilers more freedom to optimize. However, some scenarios still require low-level operations, such as Rust's `unsafe` blocks. The article ultimately advocates for a polyglot programming paradigm, building meta-languages to let developers easily choose the right tool for the job, such as inline Futhark or Datalog, ultimately improving overall performance and addressing optimization challenges.