Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent and Cold Seep Ecosystems: A Research Review

This review summarizes recent advances in research on deep-sea hydrothermal vent and cold seep ecosystems, covering biogeochemical observations and studies of biological communities in several regions, including the Japan Trench and Mariana Trench. Studies reveal unique chemosynthetic-based biological communities in these extreme environments and illuminate the complex relationship between deep-sea methane cycling, fluid venting, and biodiversity. These findings are crucial for understanding deep-sea ecosystems and the global carbon cycle.