Amazon CTO Werner Vogels: AI is Not Magic, Clarity is King

At Startup Summit 2025, I had a fireside chat with Werner Vogels, Amazon's CTO. He shared two decades of lessons learned building critical internet infrastructure. Key takeaways: focus on problems, not hype; prioritize problem-solving over chasing new tech; distinguish between reversible and irreversible decisions (move fast on the former, slow down on the latter); prioritize security, then operations, then cost; AI is a tool for efficiency, not magic; build only when you can't buy, but own the critical parts; embrace DevOps, engineers are responsible for what they build; manage costs aggressively and make it a product discussion; ultimately, your most valuable asset is time. Clarity of thought is key to success.