Immune Cytokine IL-17: A Double-Edged Sword in the Brain

Research from MIT and Harvard Medical School reveals that the immune cytokine IL-17 exerts contrasting effects on the brain. In the amygdala, it promotes anxiety, while in the somatosensory cortex, it enhances social behavior. This highlights a strong interplay between the immune and nervous systems. The findings suggest IL-17 might have initially evolved as a neuromodulator before being co-opted by the immune system for inflammation. This discovery could pave the way for novel treatments for neurological disorders like autism or depression by targeting the immune system to influence brain function.