The Rise and Fall of Interactive TV in North America: A Battle of Standards

In the 1970s and 80s, North America attempted to integrate television with the computer world, developing interactive TV. Unlike the success of Ceefax and similar systems in Europe, these North American attempts ultimately failed. The article analyzes the reasons for this failure: a chaotic proliferation of competing technical standards (Ceefax, ORACLE, Antiope, NABTS), making it difficult for hardware manufacturers to choose and consumers to adopt; a fragmented market, with intense competition among US television networks, lacking the centralized broadcasting system of the UK, drastically increasing the difficulty of promoting new services; and indecisiveness from the FCC, which failed to establish a unified standard, worsening the chaos. Interactive TV ultimately died in North America, leaving a valuable lesson for technological development on the eve of the internet age.
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