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AI Art and Copyright: Hiroshi Kawano's Artificial Mondrian

2025-06-02

In the 1960s, artist Hiroshi Kawano used a computer program to predict Piet Mondrian's painting style and hand-painted the "Artificial Mondrian" series. This sparked a debate about copyright and artistic creation: did the algorithm infringe on Mondrian's copyright? The article explores the applicability of US and EU copyright law to similar cases, analyzes the "fair use" principle, and delves into data copyright issues in AI model training. The author argues that overly expanding the scope of copyright protection for Mondrian's work poses risks and suggests that the UK adopt an "opt-out" system similar to the EU's for AI model training data copyright, balancing the interests of the creative industry and the development of AI technology.

Beyond Stochastic Parrots: The Circuits of Large Language Models

2025-04-13

Large language models (LLMs) have been dismissed by some as mere "stochastic parrots," simply memorizing and regurgitating statistical patterns from their training data. However, recent research reveals a more nuanced reality. Researchers have discovered complex internal "circuits"—self-learned algorithms that solve specific problem classes—within these models. These circuits enable generalization to unseen situations, such as generating rhyming couplets and even proactively planning the structure of these couplets. While limitations remain, these findings challenge the "stochastic parrot" narrative and raise deeper questions about the nature of model intelligence: can LLMs independently generate new circuits to solve entirely novel problems?