Webtagr - Technology News Summarizer

The Evolution of the Chapter: From Malory's Morte d'Arthur to Austen's Age

2025-08-31

This essay explores the history of novel chapter divisions and their evolution. It begins with the revelation that the chapter breaks in Malory's 15th-century *Morte d'Arthur* weren't his, but additions by the printer Caxton, altering the text's rhythm and tension. The essay traces the evolution of chapters from medieval times to the 18th century, where their function shifted from simple text segmentation to a complex tool shaping narrative pacing and reader experience. Analyzing various authors' uses of chapters – including Sterne, Fielding, Equiano, and Goethe – the essay reveals the interplay between chapter form, narrative strategies, social change, and reader subjectivity. Ultimately, it argues that chapter divisions aren't merely technical devices, but profound constructions of time and narrative experience.

The Missing Link: How Translation is Neglected in Literary Reviews

2025-04-21

This article examines the oversight of translated works in English-language literary reviews. The author surveyed reviews of translated literary fiction and poetry in prominent journals in 2023, finding many reviews lacking in attention to the translation itself. Many simply praise the translation as 'fluent' or 'elegant' or ignore it entirely. The author argues that good reviews should delve into the translator's choices, challenges, and understanding of the source text, illustrated with specific examples. Only then can readers fully appreciate the value of translated works and the art of translation.

Psychoanalysis in Crisis: Lost in the Therapy Culture

2025-01-05

This article explores the predicament of psychoanalysis within today's therapy-saturated culture. By reviewing Bruce Fink's *Miss-ing* and Darian Leader's *Is It Ever Just Sex?*, the author analyzes the impact of the rise of cognitive behavioral therapy on psychoanalysis and the challenges of psychoanalysis in addressing individual uniqueness. The article highlights the efficiency and outcome-focused nature of cognitive therapies contrasted with psychoanalysis's focus on exploring the unconscious and acknowledging potential therapeutic failures. The author argues that the value of psychoanalysis lies in its challenge to self-understanding and its reflection on the pervasive 'lack' in therapeutic culture.