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Category: Biology

HORNET: A Revolutionary RNA Structure Visualization Method

2025-01-05
HORNET: A Revolutionary RNA Structure Visualization Method

Researchers at the National Cancer Institute have developed HORNET, a novel method for characterizing the 3D topological structures of large and flexible RNA molecules. Combining atomic force microscopy (AFM), deep neural networks, and unsupervised machine learning, HORNET captures individual RNA conformers under physiological conditions. This overcomes limitations of traditional methods in analyzing large, flexible, heterogeneous RNAs, representing a breakthrough for RNA structural biology with profound implications for clinical, pharmaceutical, and biotechnological applications.

(phys.org)
Biology RNA structure atomic force microscopy

New Ocean Predator Discovered in Atacama Trench

2024-12-21
New Ocean Predator Discovered in Atacama Trench

Scientists have discovered a new large predatory amphipod, *Dulcibella camanchaca*, in the Atacama Trench at depths exceeding 8,000 meters. This is the first large, active predatory amphipod found in this extreme environment. The nearly 4-centimeter-long crustacean uses specialized appendages to hunt smaller amphipods. The discovery highlights the Atacama Trench as a biodiversity hotspot and underscores the importance of continued deep-sea exploration.

(phys.org)
Biology deep sea creature Atacama Trench

A New Twist: Molecular Machines Loop and Twist Chromosomes

2024-12-17
A New Twist: Molecular Machines Loop and Twist Chromosomes

Scientists have discovered a new function of the molecular motors that shape our chromosomes: SMC proteins not only form long loops in DNA but also significantly twist the DNA during loop formation. Published in Science Advances, the research reveals that SMC proteins introduce a left-handed twist of 0.6 turns in each DNA loop extrusion step. This twisting action is conserved across species, observed in both human and yeast cells, highlighting its evolutionary importance. This finding enhances our understanding of chromosome structure and function and provides insights into developmental diseases like cohesinopathies.

(phys.org)
Biology molecular motors chromosomes