Presidential Pardon Power: Does it Extend to Corporations?
This article explores the largely uncharted territory of whether the US president's pardon power extends to corporations. Historical evidence suggests a broader interpretation than commonly assumed, tracing back to centuries of English common law where corporations were frequently pardoned. The president could use this power to conditionally pardon corporations, potentially even effectively abolishing federal corporate criminal liability. However, Congress can limit this power by refusing to appropriate refunds of pardoned fines and by repealing corporate criminal liability statutes. Some states might also possess similar pardon powers, opening new strategic avenues for lawyers representing corporations.