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Bypassing Windows Kernel Mitigations: A Deep Dive into Violet Phosphorus

2024-12-13

This post delves into bypassing modern Windows 10 and 11 kernel mitigations like SMEP and VBS. The author details Violet Phosphorus, a universal VBS/SMEP bypass technique, providing PoC code and a ROP chain. It explains SMEP and VBS, demonstrating how to exploit a vulnerability in the HackSysExtremeVulnerableDriver to use ROP gadgets and the MiGetPteAddress function to modify page table entries for kernel code execution. The author also shows how to use Kristal-G's SYSRET shellcode to return to user mode. This is a valuable resource for kernel exploit development and security researchers, categorized as Development.

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(wetw0rk.github.io)
Development kernel exploit SMEP bypass VBS bypass

Newton Public Schools' 'Equity' Experiment Fails

2024-12-14

In the fall of 2021, Newton Public Schools in Massachusetts implemented a complex initiative called "multilevel classrooms" aimed at improving educational equity. This model mixed students of varying academic abilities into single classrooms with one teacher. Three years later, the results are troubling. Teachers report the model fails to meet the needs of diverse learners; high-achieving students are stifled, while lower-achieving students are hesitant to ask questions. Lack of adequate training and support for teachers led to poor outcomes, with students in multilevel classes often underperforming their single-level counterparts. The school lacked metrics for success, and no data supported the model's efficacy. A teacher's council petitioned to roll back multilevel classes in STEM and world languages, urging the district to find better solutions for addressing educational equity. The failure highlights the need for data-driven approaches and a focus on student needs in educational reform.

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(www.thefp.com)
Misc educational equity multilevel classrooms teaching reform

Graphene Interconnects Could Rescue Moore's Law

2024-12-14

Destination 2D, a California-based startup, claims to have solved two longstanding challenges in integrating graphene into chip manufacturing: high-temperature deposition and low charge carrier density. They've developed a technique to deposit graphene interconnects at 300°C, compatible with traditional CMOS processes. Furthermore, using intercalation doping, they've achieved graphene current densities 100 times that of copper. This technology promises to extend Moore's Law and support future generations of semiconductor technology.

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(spectrum.ieee.org)
Hardware graphene Moore's Law semiconductors

YouTube quietly downgraded its web embeds, impacting user experience

2024-12-14

YouTube recently altered its Publisher for Publishers (PfP) embedded player, removing the title link back to YouTube. This change, intended to protect advertisers since PfP allows publishers to sell their own ads, means many websites, including The Verge, now have YouTube embeds where clicking the title no longer opens the video on YouTube.com or the app. Despite efforts to communicate with YouTube, including reaching out to CEO Neal Mohan, the change remains. This highlights how large tech platforms can prioritize their own interests over user experience.

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(www.theverge.com)
Tech embedded player

Open Source Pen Plotter Robot Project

2024-12-13

Robertleoj has open-sourced a project on GitHub called Pen Plotter Robot, a pen plotting robot. The project includes the robot's design, construction, and control program, aiming to help makers and enthusiasts learn about robotics and mechanical design. The code and documentation are publicly available for learning and improvement.

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(github.com)
Hardware pen plotter

Four's Company: The Ideal Number for Engaging Conversations

2024-12-14

Research by Professor Robin Dunbar of Oxford University suggests that four is the magic number for enjoyable conversations. In groups of five or more, the likelihood of shared laughter decreases significantly, with conversations often devolving into a lecture-style dynamic. While known for 'Dunbar's number' – the theory that most people can maintain around 150 social connections – his latest research focuses on smaller group dynamics, concluding that groups of four optimize engaging and enjoyable social interactions.

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(www.thetimes.com)
Misc social interaction group size conversation

The Science of Routing Print Orders at Canva

2024-12-14

Canva's engineering team built a configurable rules system for graph traversal to optimize print order routing. Decoupling graph building, traversal, and decision-making ensures high availability and scalability. It uses relational databases for data management and asynchronously generates a cached graph for fast querying. A rules engine and a modified minimum-cost flow algorithm find the optimal route in milliseconds, minimizing transport distance and carbon emissions, enhancing user experience and operational efficiency.

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(www.canva.dev)
Development graph traversal rules engine order routing

Go: When to Say No

2024-12-14

A developer, after years of using Go, is switching back to Java. He finds Go lacking in several areas: limited looping options, absence of higher-order functions, cumbersome error handling, overly restrictive coding style leading to verbose and hard-to-maintain code, and an immature package ecosystem. While acknowledging Go's suitability for infrastructure projects, he advises against its use in complex enterprise applications.

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(brainbaking.com)
Development development

Blogger Resurfaces 2004 MIT Spam Conference Talk Intro Video

2024-12-13

Blogger John Graham-Cumming recently shared on his blog the intro video from his 2004 MIT Spam Conference talk. The video cleverly uses the "All your base are belong to us" meme, adapting it to discuss spam and machine learning, and paying homage to Paul Graham. It showcases early machine learning applications in anti-spam and the blogger's creative and humorous approach to tech communication.

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(blog.jgc.org)
AI machine learning anti-spam

Repurposing Old Smartphones as Kubernetes Cluster Nodes with postmarketOS

2024-12-13

The author built a functional Kubernetes cluster using discarded smartphones and the postmarketOS operating system. The article details the process, including the reasons for choosing old smartphones (substantial computing power, built-in batteries), the advantages of postmarketOS (Alpine Linux-based, uses the mainline Linux kernel), and challenges encountered during setup (kernel modules, network configuration). Solutions to these challenges are thoroughly explained. The author successfully repurposed old smartphones as Kubernetes nodes, efficiently utilizing resources and promoting sustainability.

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(blog.denv.it)
Development smartphone repurposing

Hexagonal Architecture in Rails: A Path to Decoupling

2024-12-13

This article explores implementing Hexagonal Architecture (Ports and Adapters pattern) in Rails applications. The author initially struggled with the pattern until realizing that 'adapter' directly refers to the Gang of Four Adapter Pattern. The article details inbound and outbound ports, and how adapters decouple application logic from external services (databases, logging, email, etc.). Rails controllers can serve as HTTP adapters, but the author stresses avoiding direct ActiveRecord usage. Instead, custom repositories access data, improving decoupling and maintainability. The article concludes by encouraging Rails developers to adopt Hexagonal Architecture for more robust and maintainable applications.

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(the.codegardener.com)
Development Hexagonal Architecture

HP 9845C: A Colorful Pioneer of 80s Computer Graphics

2024-12-13

In 1981, the HP 9845C, the top-of-the-line model in the 9845 series, emerged as the first HP computer to support color, stunning the world with its powerful graphics capabilities. Featuring hardware-accelerated vector drawing and polygon fill, and supporting fast matrix operations for 3D model rendering, this machine initially designed for scientific and engineering use quickly became a multipurpose system, even contributing to the graphic scenes in the 1983 film "WarGames." Its demo program was remarkable, boasting over 4000 lines of code and showcasing cutting-edge concepts like 3D shading, ordered dithering, wireframe rendering, interactive light pen control, and color infographics at a high resolution of up to 4913 colors.

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(socks-studio.com)
Tech computer graphics vintage computer

Italian Town Solves Winter Darkness with Giant Mirror

2024-12-13

Nestled in a valley between Italy and Switzerland, the town of Viganella suffers from three months of winter darkness each year. To combat this, in 2006, residents ingeniously installed a massive mirror on a nearby mountain peak. This mirror reflects sunlight into the town square, providing much-needed light and warmth during the long winter. The project, a testament to human ingenuity and community spirit, has since inspired similar initiatives worldwide.

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(www.vice.com)
Tech innovation community

Scheduled Reboots: A Preventative Approach

2024-12-13

A university research team faced a challenging sysadmin problem: their servers had been running for too long and needed rebooting, but frequent reboots disrupt user experience. Their default was to avoid reboots, but a recent large-scale reboot due to prolonged uptime forced a change. To prevent similar issues, they've decided on a yearly reboot schedule—at least three times a year, aligning with the university's teaching schedule—balancing preventative maintenance with user experience.

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(utcc.utoronto.ca)
Development server maintenance system administration scheduled reboots

Kowloon Walled City: A Cross-Section of Density and Decay

2024-12-13

In the 1990s, Kowloon Walled City in Hong Kong was the world's most densely populated place, cramming roughly 50,000 people into just 2.6 hectares. After WWII, it became a refuge for refugees, its buildings growing organically into a labyrinthine structure. Crime and poor living conditions led to its demolition in 1994. Artist Hitomi Terasawa's cross-section illustration vividly captures this unique and ultimately tragic urban phenomenon, preserving its memory as a 'living organism'.

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(www.thisiscolossal.com)
Design Kowloon Walled City population density urban planning

Concurrent Cycle Collection: Garbage-Collected Smart Pointers in Rust for Scheme

2024-12-13

This article details the implementation of a concurrent cycle collector in Rust for garbage-collected smart pointers (Gc) within a Scheme interpreter. Gc functions similarly to Arc>, supporting interior mutability, cloning, and sending across threads. The article thoroughly explains the implementation of Gc, including thread-safe interior mutability using semaphores and read/write locks, and the implementation details of concurrent cycle collection based on the Bacon and Rajan algorithm. This includes the Trace trait, cycle detection, and mechanisms for handling concurrent modifications.

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(maplant.com)
Development Garbage Collection Concurrency

Fujitsu's Monaka CPU: An ARMv9 Datacenter Beast with SVE2 and 3D Stacking

2024-12-14

Fujitsu is set to launch Monaka, a new datacenter CPU slated for a 2027 release. This ARMv9-based processor boasts SVE2 extensions and utilizes 3D stacking, resembling AMD's EPYC architecture with a central IO die and disaggregated SRAM and compute units. Each Monaka CPU will pack up to 144 cores across four 36-core chiplets, all built on a 2nm process. The IO boasts 12 channels of DDR5 (potentially exceeding 600GB/s bandwidth), PCIe 6.0 with CXL 3.0 support, and air-cooling capability. Unlike its predecessor, A64FX, Monaka omits HBM support and targets the general datacenter market.

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(chipsandcheese.com)
Hardware 3D Stacking

Mammoths Were a Staple Food Source for Ancient Americans

2024-12-14

New research reveals that mammoths and other large animals were a primary food source for ancient Americans. Using stable isotope analysis, scientists modeled the diet of the mother of an infant found at a 13,000-year-old Clovis burial site in Montana. Results showed that approximately 40% of her diet consisted of mammoth, with other large animals like elk and bison making up the remainder. Small mammals played a minimal role. This supports the hypothesis that Clovis people specialized in hunting large game, explaining their rapid expansion across North and South America. The study also highlights the researchers' collaboration and respect for Indigenous communities and their heritage.

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(www.uaf.edu)
AI mammoths Clovis people ancient diet

Maker Builds Laser Shooting Game: From Legoland Ride to ESP32-Powered Halloween Fun

2024-12-13

Inspired by a Legoland Egyptian adventure ride, the author decided to create a similar shooting game. Using inexpensive ESP32 microprocessors, infrared laser guns, and homemade targets, he successfully built a Halloween-themed shooting game. Along the way, he learned Arduino and MicroPython programming, overcoming challenges in hardware connections, power supply, and communication. The game was a hit at school and home events. Future plans include improving target design, lighting effects, and circuit boards to enhance the gaming experience.

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(blog.langworth.com)
Development Maker

OpenAI Whistleblower Found Dead in San Francisco Apartment

2024-12-13

Suchir Balaji, a 26-year-old former OpenAI researcher, was found dead in his San Francisco apartment. Balaji had previously accused OpenAI of copyright infringement in the development of ChatGPT, arguing their data practices were harmful to the internet ecosystem. His death comes as OpenAI faces numerous lawsuits over its use of copyrighted material to train its AI models. Balaji's testimony was considered crucial to these cases. While police found no signs of foul play, the cause of death remains under investigation, raising concerns about the ethical implications of AI development and data security.

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(www.mercurynews.com)
AI AI ethics

Fern, a YC-backed Startup, is Hiring a Senior Frontend Engineer

2024-12-14

Fern, a Y Combinator-backed startup, is seeking a Senior Frontend Engineer with a salary of $168,000-$192,000 plus equity. Located in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, NY, this in-person role requires 4+ years of experience in frontend development, proficiency in JavaScript/TypeScript, React, and Next.js. Responsibilities include streamlining developer experience, managing frontend infrastructure, building user-facing features, and fostering strong customer relationships. Fern simplifies API usage and counts Cohere, ElevenLabs, Webflow, and Merge.dev among its clients.

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(www.ycombinator.com)
Development Frontend Engineer

Web Origami: A New Programming Language for Simplified Website Building

2024-12-13

Web Origami is a new programming language designed to simplify the creation of small- to medium-sized websites. Using a concise syntax that complements HTML and CSS, users can describe website structure using formulas similar to spreadsheets, transforming data and files into HTML and other website resources through simple programs. Even without JavaScript knowledge, features like full-text search and RSS feeds can be created. Origami provides a command-line interface, built-in functions, and an async-tree library, with support for JavaScript extensions. Its core concept is to abstract website building as data transformation, making site creation and deployment efficient, low-cost, and easy to understand.

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(weborigami.org)
Development programming language website development

SCCS: The Source Code Motel After 50 Years

2024-12-13

This article retrospectively examines the influence of the Source Code Control System (SCCS) over the past 50 years. Author Larry McVoy details SCCS's unique weave format, which allows for merging by reference, avoiding the inefficiencies of patch-based copying found in other systems. He explains how SCCS leverages this weave to retrieve any file version in constant time and preserves authorship across versions. While acknowledging shortcomings like long-term locks and file-orientation, McVoy highlights the efficiency of the weave format and its preservation of authorship as groundbreaking, laying the groundwork for later systems like BitKeeper.

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(www.tuhs.org)
Development Source Code Management

Eventual Consistency: Challenges and Patterns in Distributed Systems

2024-12-13

Eventual consistency is unavoidable in distributed systems. This article explores four common patterns for handling eventual consistency: event-based eventual consistency, background sync eventual consistency, saga-based eventual consistency, and CQRS-based eventual consistency. Each pattern has its advantages and disadvantages. For example, the event-based pattern emphasizes loose coupling and scalability, but consistency takes time; while the saga-based pattern is suitable for complex, long-running transactions, ensuring consistency through compensating transactions. The choice of pattern depends on the specific needs and trade-offs of the system.

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(newsletter.systemdesigncodex.com)
Development eventual consistency distributed systems architectural patterns

Generative AI and Fair Use: A ChatGPT Case Study

2024-12-14

This article examines whether generative AI models, particularly ChatGPT, qualify for fair use of copyrighted material. The author analyzes the four factors outlined in Section 107 of the US Copyright Act: purpose and character of use, nature of the copyrighted work, amount and substantiality of the portion used, and effect on the market. Through a case study of ChatGPT, the author argues that ChatGPT's use of its training data likely constitutes copyright infringement. ChatGPT's commercial nature and its failure to transform the training data, coupled with market harm to original works, contradict the principles of fair use.

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(suchir.net)
AI Copyright Fair Use

Trinity Desktop Environment R14.1.3 Released: Lightweight, Efficient, and Ideal for Older Hardware

2024-12-13

The Trinity Desktop Environment (TDE) project team has released version R14.1.3, a lightweight, free desktop environment designed for users who prefer a lean and efficient experience. This release supports various Linux distributions, BSD, and DilOS, boasts low system requirements, making it ideal for older hardware. R14.1.3 includes numerous improvements, such as XDG Desktop Portal API integration, a new touchpad settings module, new themes and color schemes, and support for various applications and programming languages like Python 3.13. The project encourages donations to support its continued development.

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(www.trinitydesktop.org)
Development Trinity Desktop Environment Lightweight Desktop Environment

Major Breakthrough in Nuclear Clock Technology Promises Ultraprecise Timekeeping

2024-12-13

An international research team led by scientists at JILA, a joint institute of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Colorado Boulder, has made a significant advance in developing a novel nuclear clock. Nuclear clocks use energy transitions within an atom's nucleus to measure time, promising greater accuracy and resistance to external disturbances compared to atomic clocks. The team used a specially designed ultraviolet laser to precisely measure the frequency of an energy jump in thorium nuclei and an optical frequency comb to count the cycles. This breakthrough paves the way for more precise navigation, faster internet speeds, and advancements in fundamental physics research, potentially even aiding in the detection of dark matter or verifying the constancy of nature's constants.

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(www.nist.gov)
Tech nuclear clock ultraprecise timekeeping physics
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