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Quantum Signals Sent Over Commercial Fiber Using Standard Internet Protocol

2025-08-29

Quantum Signals Sent Over Commercial Fiber Using Standard Internet Protocol

Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have achieved a groundbreaking feat: transmitting quantum signals over commercial fiber-optic cables using the standard Internet Protocol (IP). Their innovative Q-chip coordinates quantum and classical data, packaging them into standard internet packets. This overcomes the fragility of quantum signals and represents a crucial step towards a practical quantum internet, promising faster, more energy-efficient AI and breakthroughs in drug and materials design.

(phys.org)

Tech quantum networking

Workplace Jargon Kills Collaboration: New Study Reveals Negative Impacts

2025-08-27

Workplace Jargon Kills Collaboration: New Study Reveals Negative Impacts

A new study reveals that excessive use of jargon in the workplace hinders employees' ability to process information, leading to negative emotions, decreased confidence, and reduced willingness to collaborate and share information. The study also found that age plays a role; older workers, while struggling more with jargon, were more likely to seek clarification, whereas younger employees were less likely to do so. Researchers advocate for minimizing jargon to improve team efficiency and employee morale.

(phys.org)

Misc Workplace Communication Jargon

A Universal Rhythm Underlies Human Speech: 1.6-Second Intonation Units Discovered

2025-08-25

A Universal Rhythm Underlies Human Speech: 1.6-Second Intonation Units Discovered

A groundbreaking study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reveals a universal 1.6-second rhythm in human speech, called intonation units. Analyzing over 650 recordings across 48 languages, researchers discovered this rhythmic chunking regardless of language family or geographic location. This rhythm isn't cultural; it's deeply rooted in human biology and cognition, mirroring brain activity patterns linked to memory, attention, and voluntary action. The findings have implications for AI speech development, speech disorder treatments, and a deeper understanding of neurological function.

(phys.org)

Tech speech rhythm intonation units cognitive neuroscience

US Mines Already Have the Critical Minerals They Need—But They're Being Thrown Away

2025-08-23

US Mines Already Have the Critical Minerals They Need—But They're Being Thrown Away

A new analysis reveals that US mines already produce all the critical minerals needed annually for energy, defense, and technology, but these minerals—including cobalt, lithium, gallium, and rare earth elements—are currently discarded as tailings from other mining operations. The challenge lies in economically recovering these valuable resources. By improving recovery technologies and implementing supportive policies, the US could significantly reduce its reliance on imports and lessen the environmental impact of mining waste, according to the study.

(phys.org)

Tech critical minerals mineral recovery resource utilization

Single Atom Quantum Logic Gate Breakthrough

2025-08-22

Single Atom Quantum Logic Gate Breakthrough

University of Sydney researchers have achieved a breakthrough by implementing an error-corrected quantum logic gate on a single ytterbium ion using the 'Rosetta Stone' code (GKP code). This innovative approach leverages the ion's natural vibrations to encode and manipulate logical qubits, dramatically reducing the number of physical qubits needed for quantum computing. Published in Nature Physics, this milestone significantly improves quantum computing hardware efficiency and paves the way for large-scale quantum information processing.

(phys.org)

Tech quantum logic gate GKP code

Graphene Capacitors Achieve Rapid, High-Depth Modulation of Terahertz Waves

2025-08-20

Graphene Capacitors Achieve Rapid, High-Depth Modulation of Terahertz Waves

Researchers at the University of Cambridge's Cavendish Laboratory have developed a terahertz wave modulator using graphene as a tunable capacitor, achieving unprecedented dynamic range and speed. By embedding nanoscale graphene patches within metamaterial resonators, the device effectively controls terahertz waves, boasting a modulation depth exceeding 99.99% and a speed of 30 MHz. This breakthrough promises to advance technologies in terahertz communication, imaging, and sensing, paving the way for next-generation communication systems beyond 5G and 6G.

(phys.org)

Tech terahertz modulation

AI-Powered Precision Mapping Tracks Woody Plant Spread on the Great Plains

2025-08-19

AI-Powered Precision Mapping Tracks Woody Plant Spread on the Great Plains

Researchers at Kansas State University have developed a cost-effective, high-accuracy system for mapping grassland vegetation using publicly available aerial imagery and machine learning. The system achieves 97% accuracy in classifying grass, shrubs, and trees, and is being used to monitor the rapid spread of woody plants across the Great Plains. This research not only aids in better grassland ecosystem management but also provides valuable hands-on experience for students and offers data support for other research areas, such as livestock carrying capacity assessment and fire risk assessment.

(phys.org)

Tech grassland ecology

Photosynthesis-Inspired Green Chemistry: Making Drugs with Visible Light

2025-08-17

Photosynthesis-Inspired Green Chemistry: Making Drugs with Visible Light

Researchers at the University of Melbourne have developed a new class of photocatalysts inspired by photosynthesis, capable of absorbing energy from multiple photons using visible light to drive energy-demanding chemical reactions. This technology utilizes simple alkenes and amines to synthesize complex molecules, such as antihistamines, under mild conditions. This method is greener and safer than traditional methods and has the potential for industrial applications, opening new avenues for green chemistry.

(phys.org)

Tech drug synthesis

Room-Temperature High-Purity Quantum State Achieved: A Breakthrough in Quantum Sensing

2025-08-07

Room-Temperature High-Purity Quantum State Achieved: A Breakthrough in Quantum Sensing

Researchers at ETH Zurich have achieved a breakthrough in quantum sensing by levitating three nanometer glass spheres using optical tweezers at room temperature. Remarkably, 92% of the spheres' motion was attributed to quantum effects, eliminating the need for extremely low temperatures typically required for observing quantum phenomena. This high-purity quantum state opens doors for developing quantum sensors for applications such as medical imaging and highly precise navigation systems.

(phys.org)

Tech

New Quantum State of Matter Discovered at Interface of Exotic Materials

2025-08-04

New Quantum State of Matter Discovered at Interface of Exotic Materials

Researchers at Rutgers University have discovered a new quantum state of matter—a quantum liquid crystal—at the interface of two exotic materials: a Weyl semimetal and spin ice. This new state exhibits unique electronic anisotropy, conducting electricity differently in various directions, and shows rotational symmetry breaking at high magnetic fields. This discovery paves the way for developing new ultra-sensitive quantum magnetic field sensors that can operate under extreme conditions, such as in space or inside powerful machines. The research combined experimental and theoretical work, utilizing ultra-low temperatures and high magnetic fields provided by the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory.

(phys.org)

Tech quantum state Weyl semimetal spin ice

Transparency Paradox: How Openness Can Backfire and Reduce Public Trust in Science

2025-08-03

Transparency Paradox: How Openness Can Backfire and Reduce Public Trust in Science

A study reveals the 'transparency paradox': while transparency in science fosters trust, revealing bad news (like conflicts of interest or failed experiments) can decrease it. The root cause, argues the researcher, is the public's overly idealized view of science. The solution isn't hiding bad news, but improving science education and communication to present a more realistic picture—science isn't perfect, and scientists make mistakes. This fosters more realistic expectations and ultimately, increased trust.

(phys.org)

Tech public trust transparency paradox

Low-Cost Visual Microphone Uses Light to 'Hear'

2025-08-01

Low-Cost Visual Microphone Uses Light to 'Hear'

Researchers at Beijing Institute of Technology have developed a low-cost visual microphone that uses light instead of sound to capture audio. Employing single-pixel imaging, the system detects subtle vibrations on surfaces caused by sound waves, converting them into audible signals. Unlike traditional microphones, this approach requires only light transmission, making it cheaper and applicable in scenarios where traditional mics fail, such as conversations through glass. Successful tests included reconstructing spoken numbers and a segment of Beethoven's Für Elise, highlighting potential applications in environmental monitoring, security, and industrial diagnostics.

(phys.org)

Tech visual microphone single-pixel imaging

Cosmic Void: Are We Living in a Giant Void?

2025-07-29

Cosmic Void: Are We Living in a Giant Void?

New research suggests we might reside within a vast cosmic void, potentially resolving the 'Hubble tension'—the discrepancy in the universe's expansion rate. Analyzing the 'sound' of the early universe (baryon acoustic oscillations), researchers found our local region has roughly 20% lower matter density than average. This low-density void would gravitationally affect observations, making the universe appear to expand faster, aligning with measurements. The study concludes that a universe model incorporating a local void is significantly more likely than one without, offering a novel perspective on a long-standing cosmological puzzle.

(phys.org)

Tech Cosmic Void

Ancient Japanese Culinary Traditions Outlasted the Rice Revolution

2025-07-27

Ancient Japanese Culinary Traditions Outlasted the Rice Revolution

New research reveals that the introduction of rice farming to Japan 3,000 years ago, while transformative, didn't immediately overhaul Japanese cuisine. Despite the simultaneous arrival of millet, a staple in Korean cooking, analysis of pottery residues and plant remains shows it failed to gain traction in Japanese diets. Fish remained a primary food source, highlighting the resilience of culinary traditions in the face of significant technological shifts. This suggests that cultural practices can persist even with major agricultural changes.

(phys.org)

Tech ancient agriculture culinary traditions

Gulf 'Pressure Point' May Have Fueled Hurricane Ian's Rapid Intensification

2025-07-26

Gulf 'Pressure Point' May Have Fueled Hurricane Ian's Rapid Intensification

Researchers at the University of South Florida have discovered that a failure of the Loop Current to circulate water in the shallow region of the Gulf of Mexico led to unusually warm waters off the West Florida Shelf before Hurricane Ian, potentially contributing to its rapid intensification. Using data from the Coastal Ocean Monitoring and Prediction System (COMPS), they found that the Loop Current's failure to reach a 'pressure point' prevented sufficient water mixing, keeping both surface and subsurface waters warm. This study highlights the importance of monitoring subsurface temperatures for accurate hurricane intensity prediction.

(phys.org)

Tech Hurricane Ian Loop Current Ocean Temperature

Juno's Hail Mary: Remotely Fixing a Camera 370 Million Miles Away

2025-07-22

Juno's Hail Mary: Remotely Fixing a Camera 370 Million Miles Away

NASA's Juno spacecraft, orbiting Jupiter, faced a critical challenge: its JunoCam imager suffered severe radiation damage. Hundreds of millions of miles from Earth, the team implemented a 'Hail Mary' fix using a technique called annealing—heating the camera to reduce material defects. This long-distance repair, detailed at the IEEE Nuclear & Space Radiation Effects Conference, miraculously restored the camera just in time for a close flyby of Io, capturing stunning images of the volcanic moon's north polar region. This success provides invaluable lessons for future radiation-hardened spacecraft design.

(phys.org)

Tech

Eight Healthy Babies Born Using DNA from Three People

2025-07-20

Eight Healthy Babies Born Using DNA from Three People

Researchers in Britain have reported the birth of eight healthy babies using a groundbreaking technique involving DNA from three individuals. The method, which is approved in the UK and Australia but not the US, avoids passing on devastating mitochondrial diseases from mother to child. Scientists transfer the mother's nuclear DNA into a donor egg with healthy mitochondria, effectively circumventing the harmful mutations. While one baby showed slightly higher-than-expected levels of abnormal mitochondria, it's not considered disease-causing. This represents a significant advancement for families affected by mitochondrial diseases.

(phys.org)

Tech Mitochondrial Disease Gene Editing Assisted Reproduction

Stellar Flyby Sculpted the Orbits and Colors of Trans-Neptunian Objects

2025-07-19

Stellar Flyby Sculpted the Orbits and Colors of Trans-Neptunian Objects

New research suggests a stellar flyby in the early solar system shaped the unusual orbits and color distribution of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs). Using supercomputer simulations, scientists modeled a 0.8 solar mass star's flyby of the protoplanetary disk, successfully reproducing the spiral arm-like distribution of TNOs, their orbital characteristics, and their red-to-gray color gradient. The simulations showed a correlation between color and orbital inclination, with red objects primarily found at low inclinations and green to blue objects dominating higher inclinations. This research provides new evidence for a stellar flyby in the early solar system and offers predictions for future Vera Rubin Observatory observations, promising a deeper understanding of solar system formation.

(phys.org)

Tech Trans-Neptunian Objects Stellar Flyby

Undersea Cables Become Ocean Sensors: Monitoring Currents and Climate

2025-07-17

Undersea Cables Become Ocean Sensors: Monitoring Currents and Climate

Scientists have ingeniously repurposed existing transatlantic fiber-optic cables as ocean sensors, developing a new instrument that measures subtle changes in light signals to monitor water temperature and pressure. Without disrupting their primary function, the system uses reflections from repeaters spaced every 50-100 kilometers along the cable to measure variations in light travel time, inferring data such as daily and weekly water temperature and tide patterns. This groundbreaking research offers a cost-effective way to monitor the ocean environment, improving our understanding of ocean currents, climate change, and natural hazards like tsunamis.

(phys.org)

Tech Fiber Optic Sensors Submarine Cables

Turning CO2 into Plastic: Caltech Develops Breakthrough Technology

2025-07-13

Turning CO2 into Plastic: Caltech Develops Breakthrough Technology

Caltech researchers have developed a groundbreaking two-step system that uses electricity from sustainable sources to convert atmospheric carbon dioxide into useful plastics. The system first electrochemically transforms CO2 into ethylene and carbon monoxide, then feeds these gases into a second catalytic loop to produce polyketones, strong and heat-resistant plastics. This breakthrough offers a more environmentally friendly and sustainable path for plastic production, reducing reliance on fossil fuels. While still in the lab stage, the system's high-concentration output (11% ethylene and 14% carbon monoxide) and tolerance for impurities show immense potential.

(phys.org)

Tech sustainable plastics

Rice Rebels: Study Shows Grain's Surprising Brewing Benefits

2025-07-12

Rice Rebels: Study Shows Grain's Surprising Brewing Benefits

New research challenges the long-held belief that rice is unsuitable for beer brewing. Studies show rice significantly improves flavor profiles, increases extract yield, shortens fermentation time, and may extend shelf life. This aligns with Arkansas legislation incentivizing the use of locally grown rice in beer and sake production. The research also reveals that different rice varieties impact beer flavor and brewing efficiency differently, opening up new possibilities for brewers and potentially lowering costs and improving sustainability.

(phys.org)

Tech beer brewing brewing process

Rapa Nui's Surprising Connections: Radiocarbon Dating Rewrites Polynesian History

2025-07-10

Rapa Nui's Surprising Connections: Radiocarbon Dating Rewrites Polynesian History

New research using radiocarbon dating challenges the long-held belief that Easter Island (Rapa Nui) developed in isolation after its initial settlement. The study reveals a complex pattern of cultural exchange and interaction between Rapa Nui and other Polynesian islands. While the initial Polynesian settlement expanded westward to eastward, the study shows that the complex ritual sites known as marae originated on Rapa Nui before spreading westward. This indicates a dynamic exchange of cultural ideas, challenging the previously accepted linear model of Polynesian development and highlighting Rapa Nui's significant role in shaping the region's cultural landscape.

(phys.org)

Tech Easter Island Polynesia

AI Uncovers Irrationality in Human Decision-Making During Complex Games

2025-07-09

AI Uncovers Irrationality in Human Decision-Making During Complex Games

Researchers from Princeton University and Boston University used machine learning to predict human strategic decisions in various games. A deep neural network trained on human decisions accurately predicted players' choices. A hybrid model, combining a classical behavioral model with a neural network, outperformed the neural network alone, particularly in capturing the impact of game complexity. The study reveals that people act more predictably in simpler games but less rationally in complex ones. This research offers new insights into human decision-making processes and lays the groundwork for behavioral science interventions aimed at promoting more rational choices.

(phys.org)

AI Decision Models

Millennium-Old Hymn to Babylon Rediscovered

2025-07-07

Millennium-Old Hymn to Babylon Rediscovered

Researchers from LMU Munich, collaborating with the University of Baghdad, have rediscovered and deciphered a millennium-old hymn to Babylon using AI. The hymn, inscribed on a clay tablet, vividly portrays the ancient city's grandeur and the lives of its inhabitants, offering unprecedented insights into Babylonian society, particularly the roles of women as priestesses. The discovery involved digitizing thousands of cuneiform tablets and using AI to identify related fragments, not only restoring the hymn but also revealing its widespread popularity at the time.

(phys.org)

Tech

Slow-Motion Earthquake Captured: A Tectonic Shock Absorber Off Japan

2025-07-05

Slow-Motion Earthquake Captured: A Tectonic Shock Absorber Off Japan

For the first time, scientists have directly observed a slow-slip earthquake releasing tectonic pressure on a major ocean fault. The event, occurring on the tsunami-generating portion of Japan's Nankai Trough, acted like a tectonic shock absorber, slowly unzipping the fault line between tectonic plates. Deep-sea borehole sensors captured two such events in 2015 and 2020, each lasting weeks and traveling tens of kilometers along the fault. The study reveals these slow slips occur in areas of abnormally high fluid pressure, confirming the role of fluids in slow earthquakes. This discovery provides crucial insights into subduction zone behavior throughout the Pacific Ring of Fire, highlighting the contrast with potentially more hazardous faults like Cascadia, which lacks this natural shock-absorbing mechanism.

(phys.org)

Tech slow-slip earthquake Nankai Trough earthquake prediction

AI-Powered Hives Combat Bee Colony Collapse

2025-07-01

AI-Powered Hives Combat Bee Colony Collapse

Facing a dramatic decline in bee populations, Beewise has developed BeeHome, an AI-powered robotic hive that monitors bee colony health in real-time. Using AI and robotics to automate disease treatment and environmental control, BeeHome significantly reduces colony losses. With hundreds of thousands of units deployed and substantial funding secured, Beewise aims to revolutionize beekeeping and safeguard global food security.

(phys.org)

Tech Agriculture Technology Bee Conservation

Toothbrush-Sized Ultrasound Transducer for Painless Gum Disease Screening

2025-06-30

Toothbrush-Sized Ultrasound Transducer for Painless Gum Disease Screening

Scientists have developed a toothbrush-shaped ultrasound transducer for a less invasive way to screen for gum disease. In tests on animal tissues, this miniaturized device produced results comparable to traditional manual probing. Its small size allows easy access to molars and premolars, while its high-frequency operation provides high-quality images, overcoming limitations of larger transducers. This innovative tool promises a more comfortable and effective approach to diagnosing and treating gum disease.

(phys.org)

Tech gum disease

50,000-Year-Old Evidence of Widespread Human Fire Use

2025-06-29

50,000-Year-Old Evidence of Widespread Human Fire Use

New research reveals humans began extensively using fire approximately 50,000 years ago, much earlier than previously thought. Analysis of a 300,000-year-old sediment core from the East China Sea uncovered a significant increase in pyrogenic carbon, indicating a dramatic rise in fire activity. This finding aligns with similar discoveries in Europe, Southeast Asia, and the Papua New Guinea-Australia region, suggesting a global intensification of human fire use around this time. Researchers attribute this to the spread of Homo sapiens, increased population densities, and greater reliance on fire, particularly during glacial periods. This widespread fire use significantly impacted ecosystems and the carbon cycle, potentially underestimating the historical baseline of human-environment interactions in current climate models.

(phys.org)

Tech human fire use

Higher IQ Correlates With More Accurate Predictions and Better Decision-Making

2025-06-27

Higher IQ Correlates With More Accurate Predictions and Better Decision-Making

A University of Bath study reveals a strong link between higher IQ and more accurate predictions. Individuals with higher IQs (top 2.5%) make significantly fewer forecasting errors than those with lower IQs (bottom 2.5%), more than double the inaccuracy. This research, using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA), focused on predicting life expectancy. The study controlled for lifestyle, health, and genetics, highlighting the independent impact of intelligence on probabilistic reasoning and decision-making across various life aspects, from finances to health choices. The findings suggest that clearer communication of probabilities in areas like finance and health could improve decision-making for individuals prone to forecasting errors.

(phys.org)

AI Decision-Making Prediction

Caffeine: A Cellular Fountain of Youth?

2025-06-25

Caffeine: A Cellular Fountain of Youth?

Researchers at Queen Mary University of London have uncovered a new mechanism by which caffeine might slow cellular aging. Their study, using fission yeast, demonstrates that caffeine activates AMPK, a cellular energy sensor conserved in yeast and humans, rather than directly influencing the TOR pathway. By activating AMPK, caffeine influences cell growth, DNA repair, and stress response – all factors implicated in aging and disease. This research offers a novel explanation for caffeine's potential health benefits and opens avenues for exploring how to more directly trigger these effects through diet, lifestyle changes, or novel medications.

(phys.org)

Tech cellular aging

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