South Asia's Warming Hole: How Pollution and Irrigation Mask Global Warming

South Asia has warmed far slower than the rest of the world over the past 40 years, a phenomenon dubbed the "warming hole." Scientists attribute this to high levels of air pollution and expanding irrigation. Pollutants like sulfate particles and soot reflect or absorb sunlight, cooling the surface. Evaporation from irrigation also has a cooling effect. However, as pollution control measures take effect and irrigation expansion slows, this cooling effect will diminish, leaving South Asia vulnerable to a more dramatic temperature increase and potentially leading to more heat-related deaths. The region faces a challenge in balancing pollution control with climate change adaptation.