Netflix's Unified Data Architecture: Model Once, Represent Everywhere

Netflix's exploding content offerings — films, series, games, live events, ads — have created a complex web of supporting systems. To tackle duplicated models, inconsistent terminology, and data quality issues, Netflix built the Unified Data Architecture (UDA). UDA is a knowledge graph enabling teams to define models once and reuse them consistently across systems. Leveraging an internal metamodel called Upper, UDA translates domain models into various technical data structures (GraphQL, Avro, SQL, etc.), automating data movement and transformation between containers. This boosts efficiency and data consistency. Two production systems, Primary Data Management (PDM) and Sphere, showcase UDA's power, handling authoritative reference data and self-service operational reporting respectively.