2100-Year-Old Alexander the Great Mosaic Undergoes Non-Destructive Analysis

Researchers have used non-invasive techniques to analyze a 2,100-year-old mosaic depicting the Battle of Issus, housed at the National Archaeological Museum of Naples. Multispectral imaging, X-ray fluorescence, and spectroscopy revealed the mosaic's intricate composition and signs of degradation. The study identified various materials used in its construction, including Italian and Mediterranean marbles and volcanic rocks, as well as gypsum and wax from past restorations. The findings also highlighted thermal instability and structural issues, providing valuable data for future restoration efforts.