A Fish's-Eye View: Reframing the World from Beneath the Surface

In his 1919 book, *Animal Life Under Water*, photographer Francis Ward describes a unique perspective: from the riverbed, the water's surface acts as a vast mirror reflecting the river bottom. The terrestrial world is visible only through a circular 'window'—the point of refraction between air and water. This, Ward writes, is the 'fish's point of view'.