eBPF Verifier's Security Dilemma: A Novel Isolated Execution Environment

eBPF, a foundational technology in the Linux kernel, faces security vulnerabilities and complexity challenges in its verifier. Researchers propose a paradigm shift: defining BPF programs as kernel-mode applications requiring dedicated isolation. A novel execution environment is designed to isolate BPF programs, enhancing eBPF's security and scalability. This research delves into the Linux v6.16 eBPF verifier, revealing security properties, capability dilemmas, and correctness dilemmas within its full-path analysis. A hybrid security framework combining verification and isolation is proposed, pointing towards a more secure future for eBPF.