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Ada's Dependent Types: An Unexpected Coincidence

2024-12-28
Ada's Dependent Types: An Unexpected Coincidence

This article explores the lesser-known dependent types feature in the Ada programming language. The author argues that Ada's design goal of avoiding unnecessary dynamic memory allocation led to its unique implementation of dependent types: using a second non-call stack to return data of unknown compile-time size, cleverly circumventing the need for dynamic allocation. This unexpectedly coincides with the formal definition of dependent types, showcasing an unforeseen serendipity in Ada's design. The article further explains concepts in Ada's type system such as derived types, subtypes, discriminated records, and type predicates, demonstrating how these features enable the implementation of dependent types. Finally, the author discusses the interesting interplay between Ada's design philosophy and academic research on type theory, suggesting that many of Ada's type system features didn't originate directly from type theory research, but rather evolved naturally to meet specific needs.

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(nytpu.com)
Development

Bizarre PCIe Issue with 4TB Crucial T500 NVMe SSD

2024-12-28
Bizarre PCIe Issue with 4TB Crucial T500 NVMe SSD

A user encountered a strange problem with a 4TB Crucial T500 NVMe SSD on an MSI PRO X670-P WIFI motherboard: the SSD works flawlessly after each boot but becomes undetectable after shutdown, requiring a physical reseat. Investigations ruled out the SSD and CPU, pointing to a motherboard design flaw. Residual voltage remains after shutdown, causing the SSD controller to malfunction. Disconnecting the HDMI cable resolved the issue, suggesting a power delivery design or BIOS problem on the motherboard.

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(forum.level1techs.com)
Hardware Motherboard Issue

Mass Resignation of Editors at Journal of Human Evolution Protests Elsevier Changes

2024-12-28
Mass Resignation of Editors at Journal of Human Evolution Protests Elsevier Changes

Nearly all editors of the Journal of Human Evolution (JHE), an Elsevier publication, resigned en masse, protesting Elsevier's actions that they say undermine the journal's quality and integrity. Elsevier eliminated copyediting support, implemented AI editing that introduced errors into articles, and unilaterally controlled the editorial board's structure and compensation. High article processing charges, far exceeding comparable journals, further fueled the editors' discontent. This is the 20th mass resignation of journal editors since early 2023, raising concerns about the publishing industry's practices.

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(retractionwatch.com)
Misc AI editing

Explaining Large Language Model Decisions Using Shapley Values

2024-12-28
Explaining Large Language Model Decisions Using Shapley Values

Large language models (LLMs) offer exciting possibilities for simulating human behavior, but their decision-making processes lack transparency. This paper introduces a novel approach based on Shapley values to interpret LLM behavior and quantify the contribution of each prompt component to the model's output. Through two applications, the study reveals that LLM decisions are susceptible to "token noise," where the model disproportionately reacts to tokens with minimal informative content. This raises concerns about the robustness and generalizability of insights from LLMs in simulating human behavior, highlighting the need for careful prompt engineering and a nuanced understanding of their limitations when used in research.

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(arxiv.org)
AI Shapley Values Explainability

Beware of Over-Abstraction: The Hidden Costs in Software Development

2024-12-28
Beware of Over-Abstraction: The Hidden Costs in Software Development

Overuse of abstraction layers in software development can lead to performance degradation and code complexity. The article argues that good abstractions should hide underlying complexity, such as the TCP protocol. However, many so-called abstractions merely add extra layers of indirection without providing real value, increasing cognitive load, debugging difficulty, and performance overhead. The author advises developers to use abstractions judiciously, prioritizing code simplicity and performance, and avoiding abstraction for abstraction's sake.

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(fhur.me)
Development abstraction

Mixin: A Powerful Bytecode Weaving Framework for Java

2024-12-28
Mixin: A Powerful Bytecode Weaving Framework for Java

Mixin is a trait/mixin and bytecode weaving framework for Java using ASM, hooking into the runtime classloading process via pluggable services. It supports Mojang's LegacyLauncher (deprecated in favor of the more extensible ModLauncher), and is compatible with Java 8 and later. Mixin offers extensive documentation, Maven repositories, and tooling, including an Annotation Processor for handling obfuscation tasks, and integration with Eclipse and IntelliJ IDEA. Its version history details feature additions and bug fixes, aiding developers in choosing the appropriate version.

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(github.com)
Development bytecode Mixin framework

TSMC's Arizona Plant Starts Producing Advanced Chips

2024-12-28
TSMC's Arizona Plant Starts Producing Advanced Chips

TSMC's advanced chip manufacturing facility in Arizona is set to begin mass production in 2025, marking a significant return of advanced chipmaking to the US. The plant, utilizing 4-nanometer technology, boasts higher yields than its Taiwanese counterparts. This development serves as a crucial test of the 2022 CHIPS and Science Act's effectiveness in stabilizing the semiconductor supply chain. While government funding plays a role, geopolitical concerns and customer demand have also driven TSMC's decision to diversify its manufacturing base and mitigate risks associated with relying solely on Taiwan. However, challenges such as cultural clashes and workforce shortages remain.

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(spectrum.ieee.org)
Tech USA

Kwai Leverages OceanBase's 400TB Single Cluster to Handle Massive Data

2024-12-28

Kwai, a short-video app with over 10 million daily active users, faced challenges with its existing MySQL sharding solution as data volume and concurrent requests grew. Storage bottlenecks and complex operations became major issues. Migrating to OceanBase distributed database, Kwai built a 400TB single cluster successfully supporting transaction verification and payment services. OceanBase's high performance, scalability, and ease of use solved Kwai's data storage and query problems, significantly improving system stability and efficiency while reducing operational costs.

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(oceanbase.github.io)
Tech distributed database high concurrency

38C3 Conference: Reverse Engineering the ESP32's Wi-Fi Stack to Unlock its Potential

2024-12-28
38C3 Conference: Reverse Engineering the ESP32's Wi-Fi Stack to Unlock its Potential

At the 38C3 conference, Frostie314159 and Jasper Devreker presented a talk on reverse engineering the ESP32's Wi-Fi stack. By reverse engineering the closed-source Wi-Fi stack, they built an open-source alternative, unlocking the full potential of the ESP32. This allows the ESP32 to be used as a penetration testing tool, a B.A.T.M.A.N. mesh router, an AirDrop client, and more. The project highlights the versatility of the ESP32 and provides valuable experience for similar reverse engineering endeavors.

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(media.ccc.de)
Hardware Open Source Wi-Fi

Global Contest: Name Earth's Quasi-Moon!

2024-12-28

Radiolab and the International Astronomical Union (IAU) have launched a global naming contest for Earth's quasi-moon, (164207) 2004 GU9. Running until January 1, 2025, the contest invites votes for a name that will be officially certified by the IAU. Finalists include names drawn from mythology, such as Bakunawa (Philippine dragon), Cardea (Roman goddess), and Ehaema (Estonian Mother Twilight), each offering a unique cultural perspective. This contest transcends mere naming; it's a celebration of cross-cultural exchange, merging ancient mythology with modern astronomy.

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(radiolab.org)
Tech quasi-moon naming contest International Astronomical Union

Ghostty Terminal Emulator Reaches 1.0: A Journey of Challenges and Triumphs

2024-12-28

Mitchell Hashimoto's journey to release Ghostty 1.0, his terminal emulator, spanned two years and overcame numerous challenges. Initially a personal project to explore Zig and graphics programming, Ghostty unexpectedly gained significant traction. To balance family life and development, Hashimoto employed a private beta, yielding invaluable community feedback but also resulting in frustration from those excluded. Ghostty 1.0 distinguishes itself with its unique tech stack (Zig core and platform-specific GUIs) and impressive performance. Future plans include open-sourcing the core library, libghostty, to further expand Ghostty's impact.

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(mitchellh.com)
Development

Caravan: A Flexible Transport-Based Logging System for JavaScript/TypeScript

2024-12-28
Caravan: A Flexible Transport-Based Logging System for JavaScript/TypeScript

Caravan is a flexible, transport-based logging system for JavaScript/TypeScript applications. It supports multiple transports (console, file, Datadog, BetterStack, etc.), log level filtering, context binding through forked loggers, and data redaction. Developers can easily log basic messages, metadata, and context-aware information, improving debugging and monitoring. Its TypeScript-first design enhances developer experience.

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(github.com)
Development logging system

SBCL Compiler Optimization: Speeding Up Compilation of (lambda () nil)

2024-12-28
SBCL Compiler Optimization: Speeding Up Compilation of (lambda () nil)

The SBCL compiler received a significant optimization that dramatically improves the compilation speed of empty functions like `(lambda () nil)`. Previously, compilation generated many redundant functions. This optimization identifies and handles these special cases, directly returning a predefined empty function, thus avoiding unnecessary computation and significantly increasing compilation speed. This improvement is especially effective when dealing with large amounts of code containing empty functions, reducing compilation time and boosting developer productivity.

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(github.com)
Development compiler optimization lambda function

HTML/ZIP/PNG Polyglot Files: A Clever Format Fusion

2024-12-28

This article details a clever method for creating HTML/ZIP/PNG polyglot files. By cleverly utilizing the flexible structure of the ZIP format and the fault tolerance of HTML, along with the characteristics of PNG files, web pages and their resources are packaged into a self-extracting PNG file. The article explains in detail how to handle character encoding, data reading, and cross-format compatibility issues, ultimately achieving an efficient and compact web archiving scheme. This demonstrates programmer ingenuity and a deep understanding of data formats.

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(gildas-lormeau.github.io)
Development polyglot files

Camembert Cheese May Improve Cognitive Decline

2024-12-27
Camembert Cheese May Improve Cognitive Decline

A new study has found that fatty acid amides present in Camembert cheese can improve cognitive decline in mice. Researchers used the object recognition test and found that orally administered Camembert cheese improved cognitive decline induced by a high-fat diet. Further investigation revealed that myristamide (MA), a fatty acid amide produced during Camembert cheese fermentation, improved cognitive decline, while its non-amidated counterpart, myristic acid, did not. This suggests that fatty acid amidation may be crucial for this physiological activity. Furthermore, MA increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus.

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(www.sciencedirect.com)
AI Camembert cheese cognitive decline fatty acid amides

Phugoid Oscillation: A Pilot's Nightmare

2024-12-27

A phugoid is an aircraft motion characterized by a repetitive cycle of climbing and descending, accompanied by changes in airspeed. Caused by variations in pitch and a nearly constant angle of attack, it can be triggered by factors like elevator input or control surface malfunctions. While sometimes a manageable nuisance, uncontrolled phugoids have been implicated in numerous aviation accidents, including the devastating Japan Airlines Flight 123 crash. Understanding phugoid dynamics is crucial for flight safety.

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(en.wikipedia.org)
Tech flight safety aviation accidents flight dynamics

Security Flaws in Apple's New iPhone Mirroring Feature Revealed

2024-12-27
Security Flaws in Apple's New iPhone Mirroring Feature Revealed

At the 38C3 Chaos Communication Congress, Aaron Schlitt's presentation exposed security vulnerabilities in Apple's new iPhone Mirroring feature. This feature allows users to remotely control their locked iPhones from their Macs, blurring the security boundaries of the iOS ecosystem. The talk demonstrated bypasses found in early iOS 18 beta versions, explaining how they work and the security risks involved, raising concerns about the security of Apple devices.

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(media.ccc.de)
Tech security vulnerabilities iPhone Mirroring

Demystifying Common Microcontroller Debug Protocols

2024-12-27
Demystifying Common Microcontroller Debug Protocols

This talk delves into common microcontroller debugging protocols like JTAG and SWD. Starting from the physical signals, it explains how these protocols work, covering common mechanisms for managing embedded processors and interacting with various microcontrollers. The presentation explores the meaning of debugging embedded software, building a list of requirements for a comfortable debugging environment, and referencing existing custom debug approaches. Examples range from FPGA cores to tiny 8-bit microcontrollers. Common abstractions like ARM's ADI and RISC-V DMI are also covered, bridging the gap between protocols and core control. Finally, it explains common tasks like flash programming, watchpoints, and single-stepping.

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(media.ccc.de)
Development Microcontroller Debugging

Minimalist Exercise Tracker: One HTML File for Weekly Workouts

2024-12-27
Minimalist Exercise Tracker: One HTML File for Weekly Workouts

exerciseminimilism is a minimalist exercise tracker built with a single HTML file and browser local storage. It tracks seven sets of fixed daily exercises for a week, focusing on simplicity to encourage consistent use. Only today's workout and the previous day's weight are displayed. No complex features or configuration are included. You can customize exercises by editing the HTML file; a simple timer helps track rest periods. Data is stored locally in the browser, eliminating the need for accounts. It's simple, easy to use, and compatible with most modern browsers.

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(github.com)
Misc exercise tracking local storage

Kando: The Efficiency Tool That Redefines Productivity

2024-12-27
Kando: The Efficiency Tool That Redefines Productivity

Kando is an open-source, free efficiency tool available for Windows, macOS, and Linux. It uses gesture recognition to let you select tools and actions in milliseconds, even navigating deeply nested menus with ease. Kando makes your entire screen a clickable target; no more precise aiming at tiny buttons! The latest release boasts a fantastic new icon, with details of the design process available on Ko-fi. Try it today!

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(kando.menu)
Development efficiency tool gesture recognition

The Growing Trend of Living Near Friends

2024-12-27
The Growing Trend of Living Near Friends

In today's fast-paced world, maintaining close friendships can be challenging. This article explores the rising trend of people relocating to live near their closest friends. Through interviews with several individuals and families, the article highlights the benefits of proximity, including shared resources, convenient socializing, and mutual childcare support. These 'mini-neighborhoods' foster strong bonds, combat loneliness, and create rich environments for raising children, offering a compelling alternative to the isolating aspects of modern life.

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(www.architecturaldigest.com)
Misc friendship neighborhood

Tasmania LAN Party Photo Archive Goes Online

2024-12-27

After years of searching, a blogger has successfully recovered and compiled photos and videos from Tasmania's LAN parties between the 1990s and the early 2000s. A total of 1584 photos and 2 videos document the early days of online gaming culture and technological advancements. This valuable archive is now publicly available on archive.org.

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(issung.com)
Game LAN party gaming history

Pseudonymity in Academic Publishing: A Wikipedia Edit Sparks Debate

2024-12-27

A paper on editing mathematics on Wikipedia has sparked a debate about pseudonymity in academic publishing. One of the authors used the Wikipedia pseudonym "XOR'easter," but the American Mathematical Society (AMS) refused to publish the paper because they didn't know the author's real-world identity. This highlights the conflict between internet pseudonymity and traditional academic publishing, and the question of how readily academia accepts anonymous publications. The authors argue that Wikipedia's pseudonymity policy protects editors, and that academia needs to rethink the meaning of anonymous publication.

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(11011110.github.io)
Development academic publishing pseudonymity wikipedia

PlasticList Report: A Platform for Circular Economy in Plastics Recycling

2024-12-27
PlasticList Report: A Platform for Circular Economy in Plastics Recycling

The PlasticList platform released a report highlighting the challenges and opportunities in plastic recycling. The report notes the growing problem of plastic pollution and the low rates of effective recycling. PlasticList aims to connect producers, recyclers, and repurposers of plastic waste, creating a transparent and efficient recycling system to drive a circular economy for plastics. Through data and technological support, PlasticList helps companies improve recycling efficiency and reduce environmental costs, ultimately aiming to build a sustainable plastic management model.

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(www.plasticlist.org)
Tech plastic recycling circular economy environmental technology

NeatShift: A Modern Windows File Organization Tool

2024-12-27
NeatShift: A Modern Windows File Organization Tool

NeatShift is a modern Windows application designed to help users organize their files and folders efficiently and safely using symbolic links. It features a clean interface, drag-and-drop functionality, link management, and error prevention. The application is easy to install and run, requiring no additional dependencies. Currently in testing, it includes automatic system restore point creation for safety, though manual backups are strongly recommended.

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(github.com)
Development file management symbolic links Windows utility

Chile Air Quality Map: Real-time Monitoring, Protecting Health

2024-12-27

The Chile Air Quality Map is a real-time air quality monitoring platform providing accurate and reliable air pollution information to Chilean citizens. Users can visually see Air Quality Index (AQI) levels for different regions via the map interface and take appropriate precautions based on pollutant concentrations. This platform enhances public environmental awareness and provides data to support government policies on air pollution control, ultimately aiming to protect public health and create cleaner air.

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(calidaddelairecl.vercel.app)
Tech air quality environmental monitoring

Doodle Dreams: Bringing Your Drawings to Life

2024-12-27

Doodle Dreams is an app that transforms your hand-drawn doodles into animations. Simply draw your desired characters on paper, scan them using the app, and it will recognize and create animations. You can choose different backgrounds, music, and effects to make your doodles more vivid and engaging. This app is suitable for all ages; whether you're an experienced artist or a beginner, you can easily create your own animated works.

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(doodledreams.cc)
Game animation doodle creation

Tesla Light Show: A Guide to Custom Light Shows

2024-12-27
Tesla Light Show: A Guide to Custom Light Shows

Tesla has released a custom light show feature allowing users to create and play personalized light shows on 2021 and later Model S, Model 3, Model X, Model Y, and Cybertruck vehicles via a USB drive using the xLights software. This guide details the steps to create and run custom light shows, including software installation, file format requirements, light effect control, and troubleshooting, and provides a validation script to help users check if their light show files meet Tesla's requirements.

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(github.com)
Misc Light Show

Programming Lewis Carroll's *Memoria Technica*

2024-12-27

This article explores Lewis Carroll's *Memoria Technica*, a cipher he devised to aid in remembering numbers. The cipher maps consonants to digits, ignoring vowels and punctuation. The article describes the cipher's mechanics, presents online tools for encoding and decoding, and discusses its potential use in steganography. The authors detail their TypeScript implementation, highlighting optimizations for efficiency. Examples illustrate encoding and decoding, and the article analyzes the cipher's strengths and weaknesses as a steganographic technique, including a potential vulnerability related to letter and digit frequency discrepancies.

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(ztoz.blog)
Development Steganography
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