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Modeling Open and Closed Universes of Choices in Rust

2025-02-21

This article explores how to model choices in Rust, distinguishing between closed universes (where all options are known and fixed, like Rust's `Option` type) and open universes (where new options can be added). For closed universes, enums are suitable. Semi-open universes (where library authors can add options but users can't), are best handled with non-exhaustive enums, forcing users to account for wildcard patterns and ensuring API backward compatibility. Fully open universes are best addressed with strings or newtypes, or traits for more flexibility. The article also discusses the pitfalls of using an 'Unknown' variant and explores the use of sealed traits. The author concludes by recommending a case-by-case approach, weighing the trade-offs between the simpler string-based approach and the more powerful, yet more complex, trait-based approach.

Nextest: Why Process-per-Test?

2025-01-12

Cargo-nextest, a Rust test runner, distinguishes itself by running each test in a separate process. This article delves into the rationale, emphasizing not just the technical benefits but also its role as a coordination point within the massive Rust ecosystem. Process isolation prevents test interference, addressing issues like shared resource contention and memory leaks, thus boosting reliability. While process creation incurs some overhead, the advantages outweigh the costs, particularly for large test suites, making it a stable and reliable focal point in Rust testing.