US-Iran War: The Bunker Buster Arms Race Heats Up

In 2025, the US launched Operation Midnight Hammer against Iranian nuclear sites, employing the Massive Ordnance Penetrator (MOP) for the first time. While the US claimed total destruction, early intelligence suggests Iran's nuclear program was only set back months. This highlights the ongoing arms race between bunker busters and ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC). UHPC's superior blast resistance renders traditional bunker busters less effective. Future developments may focus on functionally graded cementitious composites (FGCC) and hypersonic weapons.
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