Why Honeybees Die After Stinging: A Suicide Mission for the Colony?
Honeybees die after stinging because their barbed stingers become embedded in the victim's skin, ripping off part of their abdomen. This isn't simply an accident; it's an evolved strategy. The stinger, connected to a venom sac and muscular pump, continues injecting venom even after the bee is gone. This contrasts with wasps, whose stings lack barbs, allowing multiple stings. The article explores the evolutionary reasons for this suicidal behavior, delving into honeybee social structure, the immune system, group selection, and kin selection. Worker bees, being reproductively sterile, are expendable, and their sacrifice protects the queen and colony. The article further examines kin selection theory and haplodiploidy, explaining how the high relatedness between worker sisters promotes this altruistic behavior. While not perfect, the theory offers a compelling explanation for the evolution of this suicidal defense mechanism.
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