Graphene Capacitors Achieve Rapid, High-Depth Modulation of Terahertz Waves

Researchers at the University of Cambridge's Cavendish Laboratory have developed a terahertz wave modulator using graphene as a tunable capacitor, achieving unprecedented dynamic range and speed. By embedding nanoscale graphene patches within metamaterial resonators, the device effectively controls terahertz waves, boasting a modulation depth exceeding 99.99% and a speed of 30 MHz. This breakthrough promises to advance technologies in terahertz communication, imaging, and sensing, paving the way for next-generation communication systems beyond 5G and 6G.