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Mastering the Kalman Filter: A Comprehensive Tutorial

2025-01-18
Mastering the Kalman Filter: A Comprehensive Tutorial

This tutorial provides a thorough guide to the Kalman filter, a powerful tool for estimating and predicting system states. Starting with basic univariate filters, it progressively covers multivariate filters, non-linear filters, and practical implementation aspects like sensor fusion and outlier handling. The tutorial features numerous numerical examples and illustrations, along with Python and MATLAB code. Even without a strong math background, you can learn to design, simulate, and evaluate Kalman filter performance.

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(www.kalmanfilter.net)
Development Kalman Filter State Estimation

Browser UX/UI Redesign: What AI Agents Need

2025-01-18
Browser UX/UI Redesign: What AI Agents Need

The rise of AI agents demands a redesign of browser UX/UI. This article explores current limitations, including inadequate information architecture, limited accessibility, and insufficient APIs. A redesigned browser should prioritize data accessibility, automation, streamlined interfaces, and security. Key principles for AI-friendly design include context-aware interfaces, low-latency interaction, and modular, customizable designs. Case studies (Brave, Microsoft Edge, Opera) showcase successful AI integration, highlighting the need for a user-centric approach in creating browsers that seamlessly accommodate both human and AI users.

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(fromzero.ghost.io)
Development UX/UI Design

llmpeg: Generate FFmpeg Commands with an LLM

2025-01-18
llmpeg: Generate FFmpeg Commands with an LLM

llmpeg simplifies using FFmpeg commands via a large language model (LLM). Simply describe your desired video manipulation, and llmpeg generates the corresponding FFmpeg command. For instance, you can easily remove audio from a video. Requires FFmpeg and an OpenAI API key. This project provides a convenient AI-powered tool for video processing.

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(github.com)
Development Video Processing

Will Quantum Computers Really Work? Challenging Doubts About Quantum Attacks on RSA

2025-01-18

This blog post addresses skepticism surrounding the feasibility of quantum computers breaking RSA-2048 encryption. The author refutes arguments claiming quantum computers won't work, such as the exponential energy argument, the number of variables argument, the error correction argument, and visibility arguments. These arguments, the author contends, are largely based on wishful thinking and confirmation bias, lacking scientific rigor. While acknowledging challenges in quantum computing, the author emphasizes that based on current literature and progress, breaking RSA with quantum computers isn't far-fetched, making early preparation crucial.

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(blog.cr.yp.to)
Tech

Intel's Skymont: A Deep Dive into the E-Core Architecture

2025-01-18
Intel's Skymont: A Deep Dive into the E-Core Architecture

Intel's latest mobile chip, Lunar Lake, features Skymont, a new E-core architecture replacing Meteor Lake's Crestmont. Skymont significantly improves both multi-threaded performance and low-power background task handling. This article provides an in-depth analysis of Skymont's architecture, covering branch prediction, instruction fetch and decode, out-of-order execution engine, integer execution, floating-point and vector execution, load/store, and cache and memory access. While Skymont excels in some benchmarks, its advantages over Meteor Lake's Crestmont cores and AMD's Zen 5c cores aren't always clear-cut. This highlights the crucial role of cache architecture in CPU performance and the challenges of designing a single core architecture to handle both low-power and high-performance multi-threaded workloads.

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(chipsandcheese.com)
Hardware E-core

Reverse-Engineering a Pentium's Carry-Lookahead Adder

2025-01-18
Reverse-Engineering a Pentium's Carry-Lookahead Adder

Ken Shirriff's blog post details the reverse engineering of an 8-bit adder within the Pentium's floating-point unit. This adder, a Kogge-Stone carry-lookahead adder, accelerates addition by calculating carry bits in parallel. The post meticulously explains the carry-lookahead adder's principle, showcasing the Pentium's hardware implementation—a four-layer circuit structure employing the Kogge-Stone algorithm. It also discusses the adder's role in the Pentium's floating-point division unit and its connection to the infamous Pentium FDIV bug.

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(www.righto.com)
Hardware carry-lookahead adder

Laser Fault Injection on a Budget: RP2350 Edition

2025-01-18
Laser Fault Injection on a Budget: RP2350 Edition

This article details how a custom-built, low-cost laser fault injection platform was used to successfully bypass the secure boot mechanism of Raspberry Pi's RP2350 microcontroller. Using an infrared laser, the platform cleverly circumvented the RP2350's glitch detectors. A single laser pulse injected a fault, altering the boot ROM's instruction flow, ultimately revealing hidden data. The author provides detailed explanations of the platform's hardware design, software architecture, and the attack process, including manufacturing files and source code.

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(courk.cc)
Hardware Laser Fault Injection

US National Debt Clock: A Ticking Time Bomb?

2025-01-18

The U.S. National Debt Clock provides a stark, real-time view of America's burgeoning national debt. The website displays the total debt, per capita debt, and other key metrics in an easily digestible format, painting a clear picture of the precarious state of US finances. This isn't just a concern for economists; it's a stark reminder to every American citizen of the interconnectedness between national fiscal health and their own future. The site's clean design and transparent data make it a valuable resource for understanding the US economy, but also sparks serious questions about fiscal policy and future economic stability.

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(www.usdebtclock.org)
Misc national debt fiscal policy

ESP32 Rainbow: A Colorful DIY Project

2025-01-18

Want to create your own personalized ambient lighting? The ESP32 Rainbow light project offers a simple and easy way to do just that. By controlling an ESP32 chip, you can easily achieve various color gradients and transitions, creating stunning lighting effects. This project is suitable for both electronics enthusiasts and beginners interested in DIY. With simple programming and circuit connections, you can experience the fun of programming and the satisfaction of creation. Whether it's a romantic candlelit dinner or a vibrant party atmosphere, the ESP32 rainbow light can easily handle it, adding a splash of color to your life.

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(www.esp32rainbow.com)
Hardware Rainbow Light

Amazon's AI Crawler DDoSing My Git Server

2025-01-18

Blogger Xe Iaso's Git server (gitea.xeserv.us) is under attack from Amazon's AI crawler, causing instability. Despite attempts to block the crawler using robots.txt and nginx configuration to filter specific user agents, the attacks continue with constantly changing IPs and spoofed user agents. As a last resort, the server was moved behind a VPN, and a proof-of-work reverse proxy is being developed for future protection. The post expresses frustration and anger at the resource consumption by the Amazon AI crawler, urging Amazon to stop the attacks or negotiate a solution.

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(xeiaso.net)
Development AI crawler server attack resource exhaustion

o1: Not a Chat Model, But a Powerful Report Generator

2025-01-18
o1: Not a Chat Model, But a Powerful Report Generator

This post details Ben Hylak's journey from initially disliking o1 to using it daily for critical tasks. He discovered o1 isn't a traditional chat model but functions more like a "report generator." Effective o1 usage hinges on providing extensive context, clearly defining goals, and understanding its strengths and weaknesses. o1 excels at one-shot generation of complete files, reduced hallucinations, explaining complex concepts, and medical diagnosis. However, it struggles with mimicking specific writing styles and building entire applications. The author shares tips for improving o1 efficiency and design suggestions for high-latency AI products like o1.

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(www.latent.space)
AI report generator

Is *Atlas Shrugged* the New Vibe?

2025-01-18
Is *Atlas Shrugged* the New Vibe?

This podcast discussion delves into the surprising resurgence of Ayn Rand's *Atlas Shrugged*. Two guests analyze the novel's compelling plot, memorable characters, and insightful commentary on contemporary societal issues. They argue that *Atlas Shrugged* transcends its reputation as a political manifesto, offering a nuanced exploration of rationality, individual achievement, and social responsibility, making it relevant even today. The conversation highlights the novel's enduring appeal and its influence on prominent figures in the tech and political worlds.

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(www.commonreader.co.uk)
Misc Atlas Shrugged Novel Analysis

St. Peter's Basilica: Immersive Digital Experience

2025-01-18
St. Peter's Basilica: Immersive Digital Experience

St. Peter's Basilica has launched a new digital experience, allowing people worldwide to explore the magnificence of this architectural marvel from the comfort of their homes. The experience includes a virtual 3D tour and a story detailing the Basilica's history, all available in multiple languages. Users can immerse themselves in the grandeur of St. Peter's, experiencing its art and architecture regardless of their location.

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(virtual.basilicasanpietro.va)
Misc digital experience St. Peter's Basilica

Rule-Based Programming: Revolutionizing Interactive Fiction Development

2025-01-18

This article explores a rule-based programming model for interactive fiction (text adventure game) development. The author traces the evolution from early FORTRAN and LISP-based games to object-oriented programming, highlighting the limitations of the object-oriented approach in handling complex game logic, especially numerous exceptions and dynamic changes. A more flexible rule-based model is proposed, breaking down game logic into a series of rules triggered by conditions, resulting in cleaner, more maintainable code. This allows for easier handling of exceptions and dynamic changes, improving reusability and scalability. While acknowledging challenges like resolving rule conflicts, the author believes this approach holds promise for revolutionizing interactive fiction development.

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(eblong.com)
Game Interactive Fiction Rule Engine

Shapecatcher: Find Unicode Characters by Drawing!

2025-01-18

Shapecatcher is an innovative tool that lets you find Unicode characters by drawing their shape. Currently boasting 11817 glyphs, it's a convenient solution for finding characters whose names you don't know. Simply draw the character, click 'Recognize', and Shapecatcher will find the closest match. While Japanese, Korean, and Chinese characters aren't yet supported (due to font licensing), future updates plan to integrate the high-quality Noto font to address this. The project is still in beta.

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(shapecatcher.com)
Development Character Recognition Drawing

Building a Mechanical Star Tracker for the ISS

2025-01-18
Building a Mechanical Star Tracker for the ISS

Engineer Ted Kinsman was tasked by NASA astronaut Don Pettit to design and build a mechanical star tracker for capturing high-quality astrophotography images from the International Space Station (ISS). Due to the lengthy testing period for electronic devices, the tracker was entirely mechanical, cleverly utilizing a clock drive from an industrial oven. Gear ratios were adjusted to match the ISS's orbital speed. The device successfully reached the ISS in 2024 and has captured stunning images of the cosmos.

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(petapixel.com)
Tech space

Dusa: A Novel Logic Programming Language Blending Graph Exploration and Datalog

2025-01-18

Dusa, a logic programming language created by Rob Simmons and Chris Martens, marks the first implementation of finite-choice logic programming. Combining elements of Datalog and Answer Set Programming, Dusa also functions as a graph exploration language. Accessible via a web editor, command-line utility, and JavaScript API (npm), Dusa offers a smooth transition for users familiar with Datalog or ASP, while also providing an approachable entry point for newcomers through its graph exploration features.

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(dusa.rocks)
Development logic programming graph exploration

World's First Chatbot, ELIZA, Resurrected from 60-Year-Old Code

2025-01-18
World's First Chatbot, ELIZA, Resurrected from 60-Year-Old Code

Scientists resurrected ELIZA, the world's first chatbot, from 60-year-old code discovered in MIT archives. Developed in the 1960s by Joseph Weizenbaum, ELIZA's 'DOCTOR' script simulated a psychotherapist. The resurrected chatbot, written in the now-defunct MAD-SLIP language, surprisingly functions extremely well, highlighting the ingenuity of early AI and prompting reflection on preserving computing history.

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(www.livescience.com)
AI

Atproto: A Decentralized Social Network Revolution?

2025-01-18

Atproto is an emerging decentralized social networking protocol that solves problems inherent in traditional social networks like account-app binding and scattered data storage. It uses Personal Data Servers (PDS) and domain-based identities, allowing users to own their identity and data, and reuse the same identity across different apps. This simplifies development for various 'social-enabled' applications (forums, long-form writing platforms, etc.) and fosters new business models. Compared to the Fediverse, Atproto boasts improved interoperability and user experience. The success of projects like Bluesky further fuels Atproto's growth, promising a new generation of social networks centered around user-owned identities.

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(anirudh.fi)
Tech

Why Honeybees Die After Stinging: A Suicide Mission for the Colony?

2025-01-18
Why Honeybees Die After Stinging: A Suicide Mission for the Colony?

Honeybees die after stinging because their barbed stingers become embedded in the victim's skin, ripping off part of their abdomen. This isn't simply an accident; it's an evolved strategy. The stinger, connected to a venom sac and muscular pump, continues injecting venom even after the bee is gone. This contrasts with wasps, whose stings lack barbs, allowing multiple stings. The article explores the evolutionary reasons for this suicidal behavior, delving into honeybee social structure, the immune system, group selection, and kin selection. Worker bees, being reproductively sterile, are expendable, and their sacrifice protects the queen and colony. The article further examines kin selection theory and haplodiploidy, explaining how the high relatedness between worker sisters promotes this altruistic behavior. While not perfect, the theory offers a compelling explanation for the evolution of this suicidal defense mechanism.

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(www.subanima.org)
Tech honeybees suicidal defense

Hilbert Curve: A Beautiful Space-Filling Curve and its Visualization

2025-01-18

This article delves into the Hilbert curve, a space-filling curve with excellent clustering properties. The author creatively visualizes it by projecting a 3D RGB color space Hilbert curve onto a 2D plane. The visualization is aesthetically pleasing and intuitively demonstrates the clustering characteristics of the Hilbert curve. The article also explains the algorithm implementation of the Hilbert curve and provides a Python project for generating and visualizing various space-filling curves.

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(corte.si)
Development Hilbert curve space-filling curve

isd: A TUI for Effortless systemd Unit Management

2025-01-18
isd: A TUI for Effortless systemd Unit Management

isd is a terminal-based user interface (TUI) designed to simplify systemd unit management. It offers fuzzy search, auto-refreshing previews, smart sudo handling, and a fully customizable interface for both power users and beginners. Frustrated with repetitive systemctl commands? isd streamlines the process, providing a unified interface showing only relevant information and commands. Installation is easy via AppImage, Nix, or uv, making it accessible across various Linux distributions. Even if you only use `systemctl status`, isd's auto-refreshing output enhances efficiency.

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(isd-project.github.io)
Development

ELIZA Reanimated: World's First Chatbot Restored

2025-01-18
ELIZA Reanimated: World's First Chatbot Restored

Researchers have successfully resurrected ELIZA, widely considered the world's first chatbot, on a restored CTSS—the world's first time-sharing system (emulated on an IBM 7094). Using original printouts, MAD-SLIP code, and supporting documents found in Prof. Weizenbaum's archives at MIT, they recreated ELIZA and its famous DOCTOR script. The entire project is open-source, allowing anyone with a Unix-like OS to run the groundbreaking chatbot.

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(arxiv.org)
AI

Goodbye Email Filters: My Minimalist Inbox Strategy

2025-01-18
Goodbye Email Filters: My Minimalist Inbox Strategy

The author experimented with Gmail and Apple Mail's labels and folders, as well as ProtonMail's mail rules, but ultimately found these features increased cognitive load in managing emails, leading to missed important messages. He then deleted all email filters, keeping only one inbox. By aggressively unsubscribing, blocking senders, and utilizing search functionality, he achieved efficient email management and the ability to quickly assess email importance.

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(coryd.dev)
Misc email management

Gen Z's 'Career Catfishing': A Silent Workplace Rebellion

2025-01-18
Gen Z's 'Career Catfishing': A Silent Workplace Rebellion

A recent survey reveals that one-third of Gen Z adults are engaging in "career catfishing" – accepting job offers but intentionally not showing up on the first day. This trend reflects Gen Z's pushback against workplace pressures, prioritizing personal needs and goals over conforming to corporate culture. From "quiet quitting" to "coffee badging," Gen Z is challenging traditional workplace norms and seeking work-life balance in various ways.

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(nypost.com)
Startup Gen Z workplace culture rebellion

Infinite World Generation: An Improved Wave Function Collapse Algorithm

2025-01-18
Infinite World Generation: An Improved Wave Function Collapse Algorithm

This article details a fast, deterministic, parallelizable, and reliable method for generating infinite cities using an improved Wave Function Collapse (WFC) algorithm. The author addresses previous limitations such as non-determinism, memory leaks, and single-threadedness. The new approach generates infinite worlds by pre-generating tiled maps and replacing blocks at runtime, adapting to arbitrary heightmaps, resulting in stunning visuals.

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(marian42.de)
Game Wave Function Collapse Infinite World Generation

Windows BitLocker Vulnerability: Bypassing Encryption Without a Screwdriver

2025-01-18
Windows BitLocker Vulnerability: Bypassing Encryption Without a Screwdriver

A critical vulnerability in Windows BitLocker allows attackers to extract the disk encryption key without physical access, merely requiring a network connection and keyboard. The vulnerability exploits a flaw in the Windows Boot Manager, enabling attackers to downgrade to a vulnerable version and bypass Secure Boot. While patched in late 2022, a design flaw in the Secure Boot standard allows exploitation to persist. The article details the exploit, including a PXE boot into a downgraded bootloader, manipulation of the Boot Configuration Data (BCD) to trigger a soft reboot, and memory scanning for the VMK using a Linux exploit. Mitigation strategies, such as enabling a pre-boot PIN or applying KB5025885, are outlined.

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(neodyme.io)
Tech Vulnerability Secure Boot

TCL's NXTPAPER 4.0: A Paper-Like Screen That Actually Works?

2025-01-18

At CES 2025, TCL unveiled NXTPAPER 4.0, a screen technology aiming to mimic the feel of paper to reduce eye strain. This new iteration boasts a significant brightness improvement over previous versions, reaching 550 nits, and is featured in a new tablet and phone. A unique "Max Ink Mode" further reduces brightness and promises up to 7 days of reading time and 26 days on standby. While pricing and release dates remain undisclosed, NXTPAPER 4.0 offers a compelling alternative for users seeking a more eye-friendly screen experience.

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(notes.ghed.in)
Hardware Eye-friendly screen
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