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X-Forwarded-For Header: Trust Issues and Security Strategies

2025-07-26

The X-Forwarded-For (XFF) HTTP header is crucial for tracking the origin IP address of client requests, especially when traversing multiple intermediaries like proxies and load balancers. However, XFF is not foolproof; malicious actors can forge it. This article delves into XFF's mechanics, uses (user authentication, load balancing, data localization, etc.), security risks (spoofing, invalid IP addresses, injection attacks, etc.), and how to use XFF safely. It covers identifying the true client IP using trusted proxy lists or counts, and recommends the more secure Forwarded header as an alternative.

Development

HTTP/3's Divide: Hyperscale vs. Long Tail

2025-03-17

Despite HTTP/3 and its underlying QUIC protocol being standardized and widely used by major websites, native support in mainstream programming languages and open-source tools remains lacking. This article analyzes this paradox, arguing that its root cause lies in the internet's "two-tiered" structure: a vast gap exists between a few large tech companies ("hyperscale web") and the rest of the developers ("long tail web") in terms of resources and technological capabilities. Hyperscale players have the resources to quickly adopt new technologies, while the long tail is constrained by the update speed and compatibility issues of open-source tools. OpenSSL's handling of QUIC further exacerbates this divide. The author calls for attention to this issue to prevent the benefits of technological progress from being monopolized by a select few.

Development