Sand Mafia: How Gangs Are Making Millions from Illegal Sand Mining in Latin America
2025-02-09
Just outside Rio de Janeiro, a powerful gang, led by 'Zinho,' amassed a fortune through illegal sand mining. Using heavy machinery, they extracted vast quantities of sand, fueling a lucrative, unregulated real estate market and monopolizing services for illegally constructed buildings. This activity not only caused significant environmental damage, including flooding and habitat destruction, but also fostered corruption and violence, with links to political figures and even murder. Similar operations in Colombia and Mexico reveal a widespread problem, where illegal sand mining is a highly profitable criminal enterprise with devastating consequences for the environment and social stability.
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