Cryogenic Computing: Potential and Bottlenecks of High-Frequency Cores
2025-06-09
This paper explores cryogenic semiconductor computing and superconductor electronics as alternatives to traditional semiconductors. Facing challenges like increased leakage current and performance degradation at higher temperatures, these technologies offer high-performance, low-power computation. The study uses gem5 to model in-order and out-of-order cores at high clock frequencies, evaluating performance using real-world applications (NPB, SPEC CPU2006, GAPBS). Results reveal potential speedups but also highlight limitations imposed by cache bandwidth.