1930s Cameras: Innovation Amidst Depression
The 1930s saw fundamental changes in camera design, despite the Great Depression. Wood construction largely disappeared except in cheaper models. Thousands of designs emerged as photography gained mass appeal. Folding bellows cameras remained popular, but chrome plating surpassed nickel. Many cameras were modular, with interchangeable lenses and shutters. Mid-decade, 35mm cameras (miniature cameras) using daylight-loading 135 cartridges rose to prominence, utilizing Bakelite and aluminum. Die-cast metal bodies became increasingly common. The twin-lens reflex camera matured, and the Exakta VP, a precursor to the modern SLR, appeared. Leica adopted the 135 cartridge, establishing a design trend of satin chrome and black finishes that persists today. Germany became a major producer of high-quality cameras, while mass-market cameras were produced globally.