Cryptography Isn't Based on NP-Complete Problems

2025-02-13

This article explains why cryptography doesn't rely on NP-complete problems. While NP-complete problems are hard to solve quickly, cryptography needs problems that are hard on average, meaning a randomly selected instance is difficult to crack. RSA is an example; it relies on the difficulty of factoring large numbers, which is hard on average. NP-complete problems only guarantee hardness in the worst case, not average-case hardness, making them unsuitable for cryptography.

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