Predictable Crowd Behavior: Insights from Pamplona's Running of the Bulls
2025-02-16
A study published in Nature reveals that the collective movement of large crowds becomes predictable above a certain density. Researchers tracked approximately 5,000 people at Spain's San Fermín festival for four years, using cameras and a mathematical model. They found that at a density of 9 people per square meter, the crowd spontaneously oscillated like a fluid with an 18-second period. This predictable behavior, also observed in data from the 2010 Duisburg Love Parade tragedy, offers valuable insights for anticipating and mitigating dangerous crowd dynamics in confined spaces.
(phys.org)