Rethinking the 'Hard Steps' to Intelligent Life
A new study challenges the 'hard steps' model proposed by Brandon Carter, which suggests that the evolution of life requires overcoming a series of highly improbable events to produce intelligent life. Researchers argue that the pace of life's evolution on Earth may be governed by global environmental processes rather than a series of independent 'hard steps'. They point out that information loss and incompleteness in the fossil record may distort our understanding of the evolutionary process. If the 'hard steps' model is incorrect, the possibility of other intelligent life in the universe would significantly increase. This study offers a new perspective on the search for extraterrestrial life and prompts us to reconsider the uniqueness of Earth's life evolution.