Environmental DNA: A New Frontier in Forensics
Environmental DNA (eDNA) is emerging as a powerful tool in forensic science. This technology leverages DNA fragments extracted from environmental samples like air and clothing to provide new leads in criminal investigations. A comprehensive review of literature explores how shed cells and skin fragments carry DNA, the effects of environmental factors (UV radiation, humidity) on DNA degradation, and the challenges of DNA transfer and contamination. The studies highlight how actions like speaking and contact spread DNA and how procedural improvements can mitigate contamination. While promising for improving accuracy and efficiency in forensic analysis, challenges remain in interpreting low-level DNA and distinguishing background eDNA from crime-relevant DNA.