Culture Wars: The New Fault Line in Politics
A new study by Gennaioli and Tabellini challenges the traditional class-based understanding of political polarization. They argue that political divisions are increasingly driven by cultural identities, not economic interests. People choose identities based on prevailing social conflicts; economic issues highlight class divisions, while cultural issues (immigration, morality) create opposing cultural groups. Political parties exploit this, investing in identity-based propaganda to amplify cultural stereotypes and radicalize positions. A survey of US citizens supports this, showing cultural identity, not economic status, dictates views on welfare, taxes, etc. The "China shock" provides empirical evidence, showing that in economically impacted areas, culturally conservative voters reduced support for redistribution and increased anti-immigration sentiment. This shift explains the rise of right-wing populism despite growing inequality. The left's focus solely on inequality ignores the powerful influence of cultural identity, leading to electoral losses.
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