From Toxins to Therapeutics: How Nature's Chemical Arms Race Fuels Drug Discovery
UC Berkeley evolutionary biologist Noah Whiteman's new book, "Most Delicious Poison," explores the surprising use of natural toxins in drug development. The article highlights examples like white beans, cone snail venom, and botulinum toxin to illustrate the potential of toxins as peptide and protein-based drugs. Many plants and animals evolve toxins as defense mechanisms, while scientists cleverly repurpose them into therapeutics. This includes incorporating non-proteinogenic amino acids into therapeutic peptides for enhanced stability, and leveraging cone snail toxins to develop the painkiller Ziconotide. The article also details research using bacterial toxins for anti-diabetic drugs like semaglutide and plant toxins like α-amanitin for cancer treatment. Whiteman argues that studying chemical co-evolution between species, combined with AI and computational methods, can accelerate drug discovery, with nature remaining a treasure trove for new medicines.