Amateur Two-Stage Rocket: Lessons Learned from a Hilarious Launch Failure

2025-04-13
Amateur Two-Stage Rocket: Lessons Learned from a Hilarious Launch Failure

This blog post recounts the author's first attempt at building and launching a two-stage model rocket. The story starts with excitement and a confident countdown, only to end with the rocket flopping over after a few meters. The post details the rocket's design and construction, including the propulsion system (homemade solid rocket motors), structure (paper body tube, 3D-printed nose cone and fins), avionics (Arduino and NodeMCU-based flight computers for real-time monitoring and active stage separation), and recovery system. Despite the initial launch failure, the author shares valuable lessons learned, emphasizing the importance of simple design in the learning process and how to gain insight from setbacks. The project highlights the use of readily available materials and open-source tools like OpenRocket and OpenMotor.

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Tech rocketry

ArcoLinux Creator Retires After 8 Years of Dedication

2025-04-13

After eight years of building and promoting the ArcoLinux project and fostering a vibrant Linux community, the creator is stepping down. His mission was to educate and empower Linux users, resulting in over 5,000 educational YouTube videos, tools like ArcoInstall, and countless hours of community support. Facing age-related energy challenges, he's choosing to retire at the project's peak, leaving a strong legacy for others to build upon. He plans to enjoy life and continue tinkering with Linux for personal enjoyment.

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Development

Urban Dust Pollution: How Cities are Exacerbating Air Quality Issues in Utah

2025-04-13
Urban Dust Pollution: How Cities are Exacerbating Air Quality Issues in Utah

Airborne dust pollution is a growing concern in Utah and other Western states, worsened by the drying of the Great Salt Lake. New research reveals that urban dust mixes with naturally occurring dust from the Great Basin, contaminating watersheds and posing health and environmental risks. Analysis of 29 dust samples showed higher concentrations of zinc, calcium, molybdenum, cadmium, copper, lead, cobalt, and arsenic in urban dust, with arsenic and cobalt exceeding EPA regional screening levels. These contaminants are linked to mining, smelting, vehicle emissions, and heavy industry. The study highlights the impact of urbanization on natural dust and the urgent need to address air pollution.

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Git @ 20: Linus Torvalds Reflects on its Journey

2025-04-13
Git @ 20: Linus Torvalds Reflects on its Journey

To celebrate Git's 20th anniversary, GitHub hosted a Q&A with Linus Torvalds. He recounted Git's origins, born out of necessity to solve the Linux kernel's version control chaos. Developed in just 10 days, the early version quickly evolved into an indispensable tool for software development worldwide. Despite initial difficulties, Git's adoption exploded. Linus admits his personal interest waned after his needs were met, quickly handing maintenance over to Junio Hamano. Today, Git's ubiquity presents new challenges, such as a surge in abandoned projects. Linus' focus remains on the ongoing development of the Linux kernel, with no immediate plans for new projects.

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Development

The Fight for Free Tax Software in the US: Why Direct File Isn't Enough

2025-04-13

US taxpayers have long relied on proprietary tax software like TurboTax, compromising their freedom. While the IRS offers Direct File, a free e-filing service, it's not free software, lacking transparency, security, and repairability. The article urges the IRS to make Direct File free software to protect taxpayer rights, ensure data security, and enhance the system's sustainability and inclusivity. It encourages writing to the IRS Commissioner to advocate for change.

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iOS 18.4 Ambient Sounds: No Apple Music Subscription Needed

2025-04-13
iOS 18.4 Ambient Sounds: No Apple Music Subscription Needed

iOS 18.4 introduces new ambient sounds in the Control Center, offering Sleep, Chill, Productivity, and Wellbeing modes. Surprisingly, these are usable without an Apple Music subscription. The author, while exploring this feature, found the Music app needed to be installed, and it doesn't support *.flac files. The article details converting *.flac files to Apple's lossless *.m4a format using the ffmpeg command-line tool or XLD/Audio Converter software, and shares a conversion script. Finally, the author synced the converted music to their iPhone via cable, recommending wired transfers to avoid potential interference from Apple Music with music files.

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Development Ambient Sounds

NAB Show Reveals 10ns GPS-Synchronized ATSC 3.0 Timing

2025-04-13

At this year's NAB Show, a surprising discovery was made: a precise time synchronization technique using a u-blox GPS receiver and an ATSC 3.0 television signal, achieving a pulse synchronization of ±10 ns between the two. This experimental timing standard, called BPS (Broadcast Precision Synchronization), could be integrated into the US ATSC 3.0 rollout. Its significance lies in providing a reliable terrestrial backup to GPS, enhancing resistance to various jamming attempts, which is crucial for media, power grids, 5G communications, and more. Furthermore, the show also featured consumer-grade Intel motherboards with built-in PPS input/output connectors, highlighting the growing adoption of precise time synchronization technology.

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Tech

B2B Marketplaces: Build In-House or Spin Out?

2025-04-13
B2B Marketplaces: Build In-House or Spin Out?

Companies building B2B marketplaces to streamline transactions need to carefully consider ownership structure. New research shows that outright ownership offers greater control and supplier access but can also create regulatory hurdles and channel conflicts. Depending on objectives, a spinoff or independent startup can be effective. The article examines three common models: pure startups, internal units, and corporate spinoffs, weighing their pros and cons – internal markets offer security and resources, while external ones prioritize flexibility and innovation. The optimal choice depends on market fragmentation, the costs and benefits of independence, and the value of external partners or investors.

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Hungry? Your Brain Ignores Nutritional Info!

2025-04-13
Hungry? Your Brain Ignores Nutritional Info!

New research reveals that hunger shifts attention towards the tastiness of food, causing people to overlook nutritional information—a key factor in poor dietary choices. Using eye-tracking and computational modeling, scientists found that hunger amplifies the reward associated with calorie-dense foods, diminishing the importance of nutritional labels. This suggests that simply displaying nutritional labels might be insufficient to combat hunger-driven unhealthy eating. Interventions should focus on making health information more visually prominent or directing attention towards it.

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p2panda: A Modular Toolkit for Building Local-First, Privacy-Respecting P2P Apps

2025-04-13

p2panda is a modular, open-source project empowering developers to build modern, privacy-respecting, and secure local-first applications. Its modular design allows flexibility in choosing components and seamless integration with existing systems. Leveraging existing libraries and standards (like BLAKE3, Ed25519, STUN, etc.), p2panda ensures collaboration, encryption, and access control even over unstable or ephemeral connections. At its core is a 'broadcast-only' architecture, making it not only offline-first but also compatible with post-internet communication infrastructure such as shortwave, packet radio, and more. It provides tools for peer discovery, data synchronization, large file transfer, data storage, and stream processing.

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Development

Revolutionary Urinal Design Could Save Millions of Gallons of Wasted Water

2025-04-13
Revolutionary Urinal Design Could Save Millions of Gallons of Wasted Water

Scientists have devised a new urinal design that could drastically reduce urine spillage in public restrooms. Currently, an estimated 1 million liters of urine are spilled daily in US public restrooms, creating hygiene problems and wasted cleaning resources. A new study published in PNAS Nexus details two innovative urinal designs, 'Cornucopia' and 'Nautilus,' which significantly reduce splashback by altering the angle of urine impact. This innovation promises cost savings, improved hygiene, and substantial water conservation. The Nautilus design, in particular, is lauded for its ease of cleaning and accessibility for diverse users.

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Million-Year-Old Mammoth Genomes Reveal Lost Genetic Diversity

2025-04-13
Million-Year-Old Mammoth Genomes Reveal Lost Genetic Diversity

A groundbreaking genomic study has unearthed a treasure trove of long-lost genetic diversity in mammoth lineages spanning over a million years. Researchers analyzed 34 newly sequenced mammoth mitochondrial genomes, including specimens dating back to the Early and Middle Pleistocene. This unprecedented dataset, published in *Molecular Biology and Evolution*, reveals insights into mammoth evolutionary history and demonstrates the power of ancient DNA in characterizing past genetic diversity. The findings support an ancient Siberian origin for major mammoth lineages and highlight how population dynamics shaped the expansion and contraction of distinct genetic clades. The study also introduces an improved molecular clock dating framework, pushing the boundaries of ancient DNA research and providing a powerful tool for future studies of extinct and endangered species.

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Tech Mammoth

Maine Wins Restraining Order Against Trump Admin Over Withheld USDA Funds

2025-04-13
Maine Wins Restraining Order Against Trump Admin Over Withheld USDA Funds

A federal judge ordered the Trump administration to unfreeze federal funds withheld from Maine after President Trump clashed with Gov. Janet Mills over transgender athletes in girls' sports. The USDA, among other agencies, threatened to cut funding following Trump's executive order banning transgender athletes. Mills refused to apologize, leading to a legal battle. Maine argued the USDA didn't follow proper procedures before cutting funds, which were used for school programs, including feeding schoolchildren. The court sided with Maine, highlighting the ongoing conflict between federal and state authority on this issue.

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OmniSVG: A Unified Scalable Vector Graphics Generation Model

2025-04-13
OmniSVG: A Unified Scalable Vector Graphics Generation Model

OmniSVG is the first family of end-to-end multimodal SVG generators leveraging pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs). It can generate complex and detailed SVGs, ranging from simple icons to intricate anime characters. The project has released the MMSVG-Icon and MMSVG-Illustration datasets and the research paper. Future plans include releasing the code and pre-trained models, the MMSVG-Character dataset, and a project page with a technical report.

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Pocket-Sized Powerhouse: A Mobile Workstation Using AR Glasses and a Mini PC

2025-04-12
Pocket-Sized Powerhouse: A Mobile Workstation Using AR Glasses and a Mini PC

Tired of lugging a laptop while traveling, the author experimented with a portable workstation combining the lightweight Khadas Mind 2S mini PC, Xreal One AR glasses, and a massive power bank. This setup allowed him to enjoy a dual-monitor-like experience in coffee shops, on airplanes, and even hotel rooms. The AR glasses provided an immersive experience with adjustable transparency and ultrawide display mode. The author details the hardware combination, usage experience, and the overall mobile workflow, discussing the pros and cons of this novel approach to computing.

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Royal Mail Upgrades Postboxes to Accommodate Parcels

2025-04-12
Royal Mail Upgrades Postboxes to Accommodate Parcels

Royal Mail CEO Emma Gilthorpe announced an upgrade to UK postboxes to allow parcel posting, aiming to maximize customer convenience amidst declining letter volumes and booming parcel deliveries. Now, parcels fitting the postbox and bearing a barcode label can be dropped into any postbox. This follows a successful trial in Jersey and Guernsey. Britain's first pillar boxes, introduced in 1853, lacked standardization until 1859 when two sizes of green cylindrical postboxes were adopted.

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YAML's 'Norway Problem': Why NO is parsed as False

2025-04-12
YAML's 'Norway Problem': Why NO is parsed as False

YAML's boolean parsing has a frustrating quirk known as the 'Norway Problem'. Because YAML parses the ISO 3166-1 ALPHA-2 code NO (Norway) as the boolean false, it can lead to data parsing errors. This post discusses this issue and suggests using double quotes for escaping or utilizing libraries like StrictYAML to prevent this. Other problematic YAML values include version numbers ending in .0 converting to numbers and strings like 'Null' converting to NULL.

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Development programming issue

Website Anti-Scraping: The Story Behind Anubis

2025-04-12
Website Anti-Scraping: The Story Behind Anubis

To combat aggressive web scraping by AI companies, an anti-scraping system called Anubis has been implemented. Anubis uses a Proof-of-Work (PoW) mechanism similar to Hashcash, adding minimal overhead for individual users but significantly increasing the cost for large-scale scrapers. This is a temporary solution; the ultimate goal is to identify and block headless browsers, thus avoiding the need for PoW for legitimate users. Note that Anubis requires modern JavaScript features; please disable plugins like JShelter for this domain.

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Assembly Language: Still Relevant in the Age of LLMs?

2025-04-12
Assembly Language: Still Relevant in the Age of LLMs?

Even in the age of Large Language Models (LLMs), learning assembly language remains valuable. This article explores the relevance of assembly language, particularly in the context of DeepSeek's use of Nvidia's PTX intermediate language to accelerate networking operations. While high-level languages and LLMs can generate code, understanding assembly provides crucial insights into how computers work and aids in debugging higher-level code. The article compares seven assembly languages across different architectures (retro 6502, Z80, 8086, 68000 and modern x86-64, ARM, RISC-V), evaluating them based on learning materials, learning curve, ease of use, accessibility, and fun. Ultimately, RISC-V is recommended as the best option for beginners due to its clear learning path, abundant resources, and promising future.

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Development

Rust GPU: Bringing Shadertoy Shaders to Rust

2025-04-12

Rust GPU lets you write GPU programs (shaders) in Rust. The authors ported several popular Shadertoy shaders to Rust with ease. Rust GPU compiles Rust code to SPIR-V, integrating seamlessly into Vulkan workflows. The project leverages Rust features like traits, generics, and macros, simplifying CPU/GPU data sharing. Furthermore, the project contributed back to the ecosystem by fixing issues in wgpu and naga.

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Development

Chrome 136 Finally Kills 23-Year-Old Browser History Sniffing Vulnerability

2025-04-12
Chrome 136 Finally Kills 23-Year-Old Browser History Sniffing Vulnerability

A 23-year-old vulnerability allowing websites to sniff users' browsing history through CSS :visited pseudo-class is finally being eradicated in Chrome 136. Previous attempts to mitigate the issue, which involved checking link colors to determine if a page had been visited, proved insufficient. Chrome 136 introduces a novel 'partitioning' mechanism, linking visited history to the link URL, top-level domain, and frame origin, preventing cross-site access to browsing history. This breakthrough represents a significant leap forward in browser privacy and concludes a decades-long arms race between attackers and defenders.

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Tech

The Mystery of the IBM PC's 'Little House' Character: The Origins of DEL (0x7F)

2025-04-12
The Mystery of the IBM PC's 'Little House' Character: The Origins of DEL (0x7F)

This article delves into the mystery of why the character at code point 0x7F (DEL key) in IBM PC's Code Page 437 is rendered as a 'little house'. It traces the origins of CP437 and IBM's decision to add 'non-serious' graphical characters for undefined control characters. Several theories are explored, including the 'house' as a symbol for home computers, its relation to the delete key, origins in other systems like Wang or Blissymbolics, and even a misidentified Greek Delta. Ultimately, the article suggests internal miscommunication at IBM as the likely cause of the persistent ambiguity. Regardless of its original intent, the 'little house' has found new life in PC ASCII art, becoming a purely visual element.

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Tech

Five Levels of Configuration Languages: From Simple Strings to Turing Completeness

2025-04-12

This article explores five levels of configuration languages, ranging from simple file strings to full-fledged programming languages. The author argues that choosing the right level is crucial, advocating for the lowest possible level to maintain simplicity and avoid over-engineering. Each level's characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, and potential problems (like circular dependencies) are illustrated with real-world examples. The article concludes by recommending a judicious choice for different scenarios, preventing unnecessary complexity.

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arXivLabs: Experimenting with Community Collaboration

2025-04-12
arXivLabs: Experimenting with Community Collaboration

arXivLabs is a framework for collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on the website. Individuals and organizations involved share arXiv's values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv only works with partners who adhere to these principles. Have an idea to improve the arXiv community? Learn more about arXivLabs.

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Development

Zod v4 Beta: Faster, Smaller, and More Efficient Type Validation

2025-04-12
Zod v4 Beta: Faster, Smaller, and More Efficient Type Validation

After over a year of active development, Zod v4 is now in beta! It's faster, smaller, more tsc-efficient, and implements some long-requested features. Zod 4 uses an entirely new internal architecture that solves some long-standing design limitations, lays the groundwork for some long-requested features, and closes 9 of Zod's 10 most upvoted open issues. A new sister library, @zod/mini, offers a tree-shakable functional API for significantly smaller bundle sizes. Zod 4 also introduces a new metadata system, JSON Schema conversion, improved discriminated union support, and many other improvements.

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Development Type Validation

CERN Releases Feasibility Study for Future Circular Collider

2025-04-12
CERN Releases Feasibility Study for Future Circular Collider

After years of intense work, CERN and its international partners have completed a feasibility study for a Future Circular Collider (FCC). The report details various aspects of the potential project, including physics goals, engineering, environmental impact, and cost. The FCC proposes a roughly 91-km circumference particle collider to succeed the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in the 2040s. Key scientific goals include deeper investigation of the Higgs boson and other fundamental particles, aiming to unlock the universe's secrets. The report estimates the cost of the FCC's electron-positron collider stage at 15 billion Swiss francs, with construction taking about 12 years. The project emphasizes sustainability and public engagement. The report will be reviewed by the CERN Council, which is expected to decide on the FCC's future around 2028.

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Tech collider

Trump Administration Shuts Down Crypto Fraud Unit

2025-04-12
Trump Administration Shuts Down Crypto Fraud Unit

The US Department of Justice, under the Trump administration, has immediately shut down the National Cryptocurrency Enforcement Team (NCET), which investigated cryptocurrency fraud. This move is part of the Trump administration's effort to scale back enforcement of white-collar and financial crimes, shifting resources to fighting drug trafficking and human smuggling. While the administration claims to be cracking down on criminals using crypto for illicit activities, experts express concern over the diversion of crucial resources. The Trump administration argues the DOJ shouldn't act as a digital asset regulator, focusing instead on individuals and organizations using crypto for terrorism, drug trafficking, and other crimes.

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Evidence: A Powerful Framework for Building Data Visualization Apps

2025-04-12
Evidence: A Powerful Framework for Building Data Visualization Apps

Evidence is a robust framework for building data visualization applications. It boasts a rich library of components, including various chart types (line, bar, scatter, heatmaps, etc.), maps, input components, and UI elements. It supports multiple data sources, including SQL queries, and offers diverse deployment options such as cloud services (AWS Amplify, Azure Static Apps, etc.) and self-hosting. Developers can easily create interactive data visualization apps and extend functionality with custom components and plugins.

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Development framework

The Enduring Power of Design: From Antiquity to Modernity

2025-04-12
The Enduring Power of Design: From Antiquity to Modernity

This article explores the concept of 'form follows function' in architectural design and the enduring spirit manifested in different eras. Masters of architecture such as Le Corbusier and Louis Sullivan argued that classic structures like the Parthenon, Gothic cathedrals, and modern skyscrapers, telephones, airplanes, and automobiles all embody a design spirit that combines 'imagination and reason'. Underlying these designs, despite technological advancements, is the same eternal principle.

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