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Calibration: Fighting Oversimplification and Sparse Data

2025-09-21

Calibration: Fighting Oversimplification and Sparse Data

This paper addresses a common problem in model calibration: isotonic regression, due to the calibration dataset being much smaller than the original training set, oversimplifies the probability distribution, losing the model's fine-grained distinctions. The paper analyzes this 'data sparsity induced flattening' phenomenon and proposes several diagnostic methods to distinguish between justifiable simplification due to noise and oversimplification due to data limitations. Finally, it introduces the Calibre package, which, by relaxing isotonic constraints or using smooth monotone models, maintains calibration accuracy while preserving as much of the original model's discriminatory power as possible.

(www.gojiberries.io)

Development model calibration isotonic regression data sparsity

Rust's Pursuit of Ada: A Battle in Safety-Critical Programming

2025-02-10

Ada has dominated the safety-critical programming landscape for over four decades. Rust, in the last ten years, has attempted to compete, with varying results. This talk will explore Ada's powerful features for ensuring bug-free code, particularly its robust subtype declarations and ease of use, and compare them to Rust's capabilities, highlighting where Rust falls short and its progress in catching up.

(fosdem.org)

Development Safety-Critical Programming

arXivLabs: Experimental Projects with Community Collaborators

2025-02-07

arXivLabs is a framework enabling collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on the website. Individuals and organizations involved uphold arXiv's values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners who share them. Have an idea to improve the arXiv community? Learn more about arXivLabs.

(arxiv.org)

Development

Critical Azure Vulnerability Could Grant Global Admin Access

2025-09-19

Critical Azure Vulnerability Could Grant Global Admin Access

Security researcher Dirk-jan Mollema discovered two critical vulnerabilities in Microsoft Azure Entra ID (formerly Azure Active Directory) that could have granted global administrator privileges to all Azure customer accounts. These vulnerabilities involved legacy systems within Entra ID, including Azure authentication tokens called "Actor Tokens" and an outdated API called "Graph". Mollema reported the flaws to Microsoft on July 14th, and Microsoft issued a global fix on July 17th. Microsoft stated they found no evidence of abuse. This highlights significant security challenges even for major cloud providers and underscores the importance of timely updates and migration to modern security protocols.

(www.wired.com)

Tech Azure vulnerability identity management

Urgent: Update Your Firefox Browser Before March 14th!

2025-03-13

Urgent: Update Your Firefox Browser Before March 14th!

Mozilla is urging Firefox users to update their browsers to version 128 or later (or ESR 115.13 or later) before March 14th, 2025, to avoid significant security risks. A critical root certificate is expiring, rendering add-ons unusable and potentially exposing users to malicious add-ons, fraudulent websites, and compromised password alerts. Failure to update could lead to severe performance issues and security vulnerabilities. The update affects Windows, Android, Linux, and macOS users, but not iOS. While older versions might still function, Mozilla strongly advises updating for optimal security and performance.

(www.bleepingcomputer.com)

Tech

Building Node.js with clang-cl on Windows: A Success Story

2025-03-28

The author recently successfully built Node.js using clang-cl on Windows, overcoming several compilation hurdles. The post details the process, including installing necessary Visual Studio components (C++ Clang compiler and MSBuild support for LLVM), configuring ccache for faster builds, and the final compilation steps. The author shares troubleshooting tips, such as reinstalling Visual Studio components and correctly setting the ccache path. This provides a valuable guide for Windows users looking to build Node.js with clang-cl, offering an alternative to the traditional MSVC build process.

(joyeecheung.github.io)

Development

Find Your 2%ers: The Secret to Happiness?

2025-02-18

Find Your 2%ers: The Secret to Happiness?

The author argues that introversion and extroversion aren't about social skills, but rather where you draw your energy. Most people drain the author's energy, but a select 2% energize them—their "2%ers." Harvard research highlights the importance of high-quality relationships for happiness, making finding your "2%ers" crucial. The author suggests listing your favorite activities and your "2%ers," scheduling time together, and sharing this post with them.

(joyarbitrage.substack.com)

Misc introversion/extroversion

Netbooting Windows 11 from a NAS to Bypass Game Bans

2025-02-28

Netbooting Windows 11 from a NAS to Bypass Game Bans

To circumvent a game developer's ban on non-Windows systems, the author ingeniously installed Windows 11 on a NAS and implemented network booting using iPXE and iSCSI. The process overcame challenges such as driver issues and WinPE booting, ultimately enabling the author to play a AAA game exclusively available on Windows from a Linux system. This is a captivating tale of technical challenges, innovative solutions, and gaming passion, showcasing the power of the hacker spirit.

(terinstock.com)

Game Network Booting

A Riddle About Love and Weight

2025-08-01

A Riddle About Love and Weight

An author shares a riddle he created in high school: François and Marianne, a couple, lived together for ten years, buying 10kg of groceries weekly. After their divorce, each buys 5kg, yet the basket feels heavier. The riddle explores how the burden of life feels heavier after love fades.

(barycentre.substack.com)

Misc riddle love

Dissecting Space Invaders: A Deep Dive into the Code

2025-03-12

This article delves into the assembly code of the classic arcade game Space Invaders, revealing its ingenious hardware design and software implementation. It meticulously analyzes aspects like the display system, sound generation, collision detection, game object management, and a hidden Easter egg, highlighting interesting quirks and hidden bugs within the code. The author also explores design trade-offs such as memory usage and performance optimization.

(www.computerarcheology.com)

Game

Windows 11 & Copilot+ PCs: AI-Powered Productivity Boost

2025-05-06

Windows 11 & Copilot+ PCs: AI-Powered Productivity Boost

Microsoft unveiled significant updates to Windows 11 and Copilot+ PCs, leveraging AI to enhance user experience. Copilot+ PCs will integrate improved search, Recall, and Click to Do, alongside a new settings agent allowing users to adjust settings via natural language. Click to Do expands with more actions, including list creation and Microsoft 365 Copilot content generation. Photos, Paint, and Snipping Tool gain AI-powered features like dynamic lighting control in Photos, a sticker generator in Paint, and object selection in Paint. Accessibility improvements include rich image descriptions in Narrator. These updates will roll out gradually to Windows Insiders.

(blogs.windows.com)

Tech

A Hierarchical Approach to Programming Languages and Multi-Language Development

2025-03-16

A Hierarchical Approach to Programming Languages and Multi-Language Development

The author proposes a four-level hierarchy for classifying programming languages based on typing and compilation: interpreted dynamically typed (e.g., JavaScript), interpreted statically typed (e.g., TypeScript), compiled with automatic memory management (e.g., Go), and compiled with manual memory management (e.g., Rust). The author argues that choosing the right level for different needs is crucial and proposes a language set comprising Rust, RustGC (a level 2/3 hybrid), and RustScript (level 4) to improve development efficiency and code performance. This set shares syntax and allows seamless calls between different levels, addressing issues of maintaining different toolsets and training personnel. The ultimate goal is to improve programming efficiency and code quality.

(gist.github.com)

Development development efficiency multi-language collaboration

Reddit Blocks Wayback Machine Access Amidst AI Data Scraping Concerns

2025-08-12

Reddit Blocks Wayback Machine Access Amidst AI Data Scraping Concerns

Reddit has blocked the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine from indexing most of its content after discovering AI companies were scraping data in violation of its platform policies. Only the Reddit homepage will be indexable. This move aims to protect user privacy and prevent data misuse for AI model training. Reddit previously reached a paid data agreement with Google and sued Anthropic for unauthorized scraping. This highlights the ethical dilemmas surrounding AI data acquisition and the challenges platforms face in protecting their data.

(www.theverge.com)

Tech

GenAI's Reasoning Flaw Fuels Disinformation

2025-07-12

GenAI's Reasoning Flaw Fuels Disinformation

Research reveals that current generative AI models lack reasoning capabilities, making them susceptible to manipulation and tools for spreading disinformation. Even when models know that sources like the Pravda network are unreliable, they still repeat their content. This is especially pronounced in real-time search mode, where models readily cite information from untrustworthy sources, even contradicting known facts. The solution, researchers argue, lies in equipping AI models with stronger reasoning abilities to distinguish between reliable and unreliable sources and perform fact-checking.

(americansunlight.substack.com)

AI

Anthropic's Claude 4 System Prompts: A Deep Dive into LLM Engineering

2025-05-26

Anthropic's Claude 4 System Prompts: A Deep Dive into LLM Engineering

This article delves into the system prompts for Anthropic's Claude 4 large language model. It analyzes both the officially released prompts and leaked tool prompts, revealing strategies behind the model's design, including preventing hallucinations, guiding effective prompting, maintaining safety, and handling copyright concerns. The article details Claude 4's features like chain-of-thought reasoning, search tools, and Artifacts (custom HTML+JavaScript apps), and examines its safety and copyright restrictions. It offers valuable insights into the development and application of large language models.

(simonwillison.net)

AI System Prompts

Critical Apple CPU Side-Channel Flaws Steal Browser Data

2025-01-28

Critical Apple CPU Side-Channel Flaws Steal Browser Data

Researchers have uncovered new side-channel vulnerabilities, FLOP and SLAP, in Apple's M-series and A-series processors. These flaws allow remote attackers to steal sensitive data from web browsers via malicious websites, bypassing browser sandboxing. The vulnerabilities stem from faulty speculative execution, exploiting the CPU's mispredictions to leak information like emails, location history, and more. Apple is aware and plans to address the issue, but patches aren't yet available. Disabling JavaScript is a temporary mitigation, but impacts website functionality.

(www.bleepingcomputer.com)

Tech Apple CPU Side-channel attack Security vulnerability

Subsecond: Sub-Second Hot-Patching for Rust

2025-06-25

Subsecond is a Rust library enabling hot-patching, allowing code changes in a running application without restarts. This is invaluable for game engines, servers, and long-running apps where the edit-compile-run cycle is too slow. It also introduces 'ThinLinking', dramatically speeding up Rust compilation in development. Subsecond works by detouring function calls via a jump table, avoiding unsafe memory modification. An external tool compiles changed code, sends it to the application, and Subsecond applies the patch. Currently, it only patches the 'tip' crate and has limitations regarding globals, statics, thread-locals, and struct layouts. It supports major platforms, excluding iOS devices due to code signing.

(docs.rs)

Development hot-patching hot-reloading

emdash: One Platform to Unite Your Remote Team

2025-02-27

Remote teams often struggle with scattered information across various tools. emdash solves this by centralizing communication, resources, and decisions. It features threaded discussions, integrated chat and video with AI-powered summaries and transcripts, and a powerful search function that spans multiple platforms. This ensures everyone stays informed and aligned, boosting team efficiency.

(emdash.io)

Development remote collaboration team communication AI assistance

fang: Supercharging Your Cobra CLI Apps

2025-06-19

fang: Supercharging Your Cobra CLI Apps

fang is a small, experimental library providing batteries-included enhancements for Cobra-based CLI applications. It boasts features like fully styled help and usage pages, styled errors, automatic --version handling, man page generation (using mango), shell completions, theming, and silent usage output. Integration is straightforward, requiring minimal code changes to significantly improve your CLI's user experience.

(github.com)

Development

Campfire: A Single-Tenant Web Chat App with Docker Deployment

2025-09-07

Campfire: A Single-Tenant Web Chat App with Docker Deployment

Campfire is a web-based chat application supporting multiple rooms, direct messaging, file attachments with previews, search, web push notifications, @mentions, and an API for bot integrations. It's single-tenant; multiple instances are deployed for different customer groups. The Docker image includes everything needed for a single-machine deployment: web app, background jobs, caching, file serving, and SSL. Persist database and file attachments by mapping a volume to /rails/storage. Configure SSL, web push notifications, and error reporting via environment variables.

(github.com)

Development Chat Application Single-Tenant

AI Job Displacement: Hype vs. Reality – A Deep Dive into the Data

2025-06-04

AI Job Displacement: Hype vs. Reality – A Deep Dive into the Data

This article debunks the narrative that AI will replace a significant portion of jobs. By examining historical technological shifts (like agricultural mechanization and the PC revolution) and numerous economic studies, the author demonstrates that technological advancements ultimately create more jobs than they displace. The current AI hype is largely a marketing strategy, not a reflection of AI's actual impact on the job market. While AI may reshape the employment landscape, its impact is far less than many predict, and fears of widespread job losses in the near term lack empirical support.

(sparktoro.com)

Tech

Hundreds of Apps Secretly Spying on Users Through Their Microphones

2025-04-27

Hundreds of Apps Secretly Spying on Users Through Their Microphones

Hundreds of smartphone apps and games are monitoring users via their microphones, even when phones are in pockets or apps run in the background. A startup called Alphonso provides the technology, collecting TV viewing data and selling it to advertisers. While Alphonso claims it doesn't record conversations, only identifying commercial audio, privacy concerns remain. Users can protect themselves by denying microphone access to unnecessary apps.

(www.the-independent.com)

Tech microphone surveillance

Vi Editor Specification Deep Dive: Command and Input Modes

2025-07-25

This document provides a comprehensive specification of the vi editor, detailing its command and input modes. It meticulously outlines commands for initialization, cursor movement, text editing, search and replace, and more, comparing historical implementations with the requirements of the POSIX standard. This is an invaluable reference for developers and vi users alike, offering a deep understanding of the editor's underlying mechanics and normative details.

(pubs.opengroup.org)

Development vi editor

Microsoft Office's Epic Codebase Migration: From Source Depot to Git

2025-06-12

Microsoft Office's Epic Codebase Migration: From Source Depot to Git

This article recounts the epic journey of the Microsoft Office team migrating their massive codebase from the outdated Source Depot to Git. The migration was fraught with challenges, including building a 'parallel universe' to synchronize codebases, proving functional equivalence between the two systems, and coordinating communication with over 4,000 engineers. The author details each stage, from overcoming the differences between Source Depot and Git's branching models, building a Virtual File System to optimize performance, and training engineers in Git. The successful migration significantly improved developer efficiency and code quality, offering valuable lessons for large-scale technical migrations.

(danielsada.tech)

Development

GitHub Code Suggestion Application Restrictions

2025-03-22

GitHub Code Suggestion Application Restrictions

This text lists various limitations encountered when applying code suggestions in GitHub's code review process. These include: no code changes made, pull request closed or merged, viewing a subset of changes, only one suggestion per line applicable, applying suggestions on deleted lines is unsupported, suggestion already applied or marked resolved, suggestions from pending reviews cannot be applied, and suggestions on multi-line comments are not allowed. These restrictions ensure the integrity and accuracy of the code review process.

(github.com)

Development Code Suggestions

Microsoft Cancels Data Center Leases, Raising AI Overcapacity Concerns

2025-02-24

Microsoft Cancels Data Center Leases, Raising AI Overcapacity Concerns

Microsoft has canceled some US data center leases, according to TD Cowen, sparking concerns about potential overinvestment in AI computing capacity. While Microsoft maintains its $80 billion infrastructure spending target for the fiscal year, it declined to comment on the lease cancellations. Analysts suggest this could be due to shifting workloads to Oracle, internal investment reallocation, or a more cautious outlook on AI demand. Despite this, other tech giants like Amazon, Google, and Meta continue massive AI infrastructure investments, highlighting the intense competition in the field.

(finance.yahoo.com)

Tech

Improving LLM Fine-tuning Through Iterative Data Curation

2025-08-08

Improving LLM Fine-tuning Through Iterative Data Curation

Researchers significantly improved the performance of large language models (LLMs) by iteratively curating their training data. Experiments involved two LLMs of varying sizes (Gemini Nano-1 and Nano-2) on tasks of different complexity, using ~100K crowdsourced annotations initially suffering from severe class imbalance (95% benign). Through iterative expert curation and model fine-tuning, performance substantially increased. The models reached approximately 40% positive examples and a Cohen's Kappa of ~0.81 (lower complexity) and ~0.78 (higher complexity), approaching expert-level performance, highlighting the crucial role of high-quality data in LLM training.

(research.google)

AI Data Curation Model Fine-tuning

Pontevedra, Spain: A Pedestrian-First City Model That Works

2025-09-10

Pontevedra, Spain: A Pedestrian-First City Model That Works

Pontevedra, a city in Spain, has successfully tackled air pollution, traffic accidents, and loss of public space by prioritizing pedestrians over cars. Mayor Miguel Anxo Fernández Lores's administration implemented policies reducing traffic, expanding pedestrian and cycling areas, and imposing speed limits. The result? Improved air quality, decreased carbon emissions, and a higher quality of life for residents. Pontevedra's success offers a compelling model for other cities seeking sustainable and people-centered urban planning.

(www.greeneuropeanjournal.eu)

Tech traffic management

The Embodied Experience of Programming: A Programmer's Synesthesia

2025-09-10

The Embodied Experience of Programming: A Programmer's Synesthesia

The author describes the visceral sensations evoked by different programming languages: nested parentheses in C-like languages feel like walking a tightrope, functional programming like crawling through caves, and writing firmware like precise, constrained work. Using Copilot and TypeScript feels like flying, while returning to typeless Python feels like stumbling drunk. The author argues this code synesthesia, while subtle, is common and influences code comprehension and system design. While this feeling might not directly improve coding efficiency, it's incredibly useful in understanding how startups work, helping the author identify critical parts and missing connections. The author concludes by suggesting that great code editors should leverage the sensory intuitions of excellent engineers, improving how code is displayed to enhance the programming experience.

(interconnected.org)

Development programming experience code synesthesia

Parisian Kebab Quality vs. Train Station Proximity: A Hilarious Data Analysis

2025-02-24

A self-proclaimed unemployed, autistic Swede on Reddit undertook an "informal study" to test a French Redditors' hypothesis: "The closer to the train station, the worse the kebab." Using OSMnx for map data, the Google Places API for kebab shop information and ratings, and NetworkX for distance calculations, he meticulously cleaned and analyzed the data. The result? Almost no correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.091), debunking the initial hypothesis. Despite the disappointing outcome, this post is a hilarious account of the process, filled with programmer humor and frustration. It's a fun tech share and a compelling data analysis case study.

(www.jmspae.se)

Misc

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