arXivLabs: Experimental Projects with Community Collaborators

2025-05-12
arXivLabs: Experimental Projects with Community Collaborators

arXivLabs is a framework that enables collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on the arXiv website. Individuals and organizations working with arXivLabs embrace our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only partners with those who share them. Have an idea for a project that will benefit the arXiv community? Learn more about arXivLabs.

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Development

Bluesky's Decentralized Success Story: Blacksky's Two Million Users

2025-08-26
Bluesky's Decentralized Success Story: Blacksky's Two Million Users

Blacksky, a decentralized social network built on Bluesky's AT Protocol, has rapidly grown to two million users organically, showcasing the potential of decentralized platforms. Prioritizing Black voices and community safety, Blacksky uses its custom-built, open-source tools and a community-based moderation system to maintain its unique identity, independent from Bluesky. Its success highlights the power of decentralized infrastructure in fostering inclusive and self-governed online spaces.

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Tech

Compiler Explorer: 92 Million Compilations a Year and Still Going Strong

2025-06-08

Compiler Explorer, the online compiler exploration website, handles a staggering 92 million compilations annually. This article dives deep into its architecture, from the Monaco editor frontend and CloudFront/load balancer to the secure sandboxing with nsjail. To manage this massive workload, it leverages AWS autoscaling and boasts nearly 4TB of over 3000 compiler versions supporting 81 languages. The author details the challenges and solutions in security, version management, cross-platform support (Windows, ARM, and GPU), and cost optimization, showcasing the evolution from a weekend project to a robust platform serving thousands of developers.

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Development

A 20-Year Programmer's Quest for Full-Stack Mastery

2025-03-02

A seasoned front-end engineer with two decades of experience, having journeyed through GW-BASIC, HTML, JavaScript, jQuery, EmberJS, and Angular, has yet to build a complete enterprise-level full-stack application. Now, seizing the opportunity presented by his company's shift to Blazor, he's embarking on a journey to learn C# and .NET, planning to systematically study enterprise application architecture, legacy code handling, and other relevant knowledge. His ultimate goal is to finally achieve his dream of full-stack development. This post documents his learning journey and shares his learning resources and methods.

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NASA Adds SpaceX's Starship to Launch Services Contract Despite Setbacks

2025-03-29
NASA Adds SpaceX's Starship to Launch Services Contract Despite Setbacks

Despite recent major setbacks in Starship's past two flights, NASA has added SpaceX's still-experimental rocket to its launch services contract. This opens the door for Starship to potentially carry future NASA science missions, pending a successful orbital flight. The contract, which already includes Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy, features an on-ramp provision for new providers. While Starship's reliability remains a concern, this decision offers NASA a potential crewed lunar lander for Artemis III in 2024 and an option for its planned 2026 uncrewed Mars mission.

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Tech

KDE Plasma 6.4.0 Now in OpenBSD Packages

2025-07-06

KDE Plasma 6.4.0 is now available in OpenBSD packages thanks to the work of Rafael Sadowski and others. Significantly, the KDE Kwin team has split kwin into kwin-x11 and kwin (Wayland), signaling a reduced focus on X11 in favor of Wayland. This update also includes the Aurorae theme engine and bug fixes from June and July.

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Development

AI Coding's Bottleneck: Clear Communication Trumps Perfect Prompts

2025-04-11
AI Coding's Bottleneck: Clear Communication Trumps Perfect Prompts

The author details significant progress in AI development, rapidly building multiple products using AI tools. However, they found that AI tools often act like junior developers lacking product context and user insight, prone to errors on non-standard tasks. This recalls a university class using a peanut butter and jelly sandwich analogy to illustrate the importance of clear coding instructions. While today's AI is more advanced, it still requires developers to provide clear, precise instructions to avoid a messy outcome. The author argues that success in the AI era will depend on developers' ability to clearly understand and explain how to transform fuzzy ideas into workable products, not just coding speed.

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Development prompt engineering

IPv4 Down? Linux, WireGuard, and Hetzner Saved My Internet!

2025-06-29

A power outage knocked out my IPv4 internet connectivity, leaving only IPv6, but many websites were inaccessible. I used a Hetzner VPS, WireGuard, and Linux network namespaces to cleverly fix this. By setting up a WireGuard server on the VPS, I tunneled my IPv6 connection to restore IPv4 functionality. Network namespaces allowed me to run my work VPN and Docker without interfering with WireGuard. I also solved WireGuard MTU issues. This whole process highlighted the flexibility and problem-solving power of Linux.

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Development

Nuclear Batteries: A Comeback for Long-Lasting Power?

2025-08-25
Nuclear Batteries: A Comeback for Long-Lasting Power?

In the 1970s, nuclear-powered pacemakers were implanted, but their use ceased due to radioactive waste disposal issues. Now, advancements are reviving nuclear battery research, targeting robots, drones, and sensors. New designs boast decades- or even centuries-long lifespans and higher energy density. However, commercialization faces cost, safety, and regulatory hurdles. The key lies in finding suitable markets that balance the advantages with the complexities of radioactive waste management.

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Tech

Martha Nussbaum: Capabilities Approach and Beyond Anger

2025-03-07
Martha Nussbaum: Capabilities Approach and Beyond Anger

This article explores the thought of renowned philosopher Martha Nussbaum, focusing on her capabilities approach and views on emotions, particularly anger. The capabilities approach argues that governments should ensure all citizens possess the capabilities to lead flourishing lives, not simply fulfilling citizens' preferences but providing real opportunities for well-being. Nussbaum lists ten central capabilities, framing them as rights. However, her view on anger has evolved; she now considers anger normatively problematic, often stemming from self-centeredness and status competition. She advocates for 'transition'—shifting anger into constructive action to improve well-being. Nussbaum's philosophy remains deeply intertwined with real-life experiences, her writing demonstrating the interplay of personal narrative, emotion, and philosophical thought.

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Hubble Confirms First Lone Black Hole

2025-04-21
Hubble Confirms First Lone Black Hole

A team of astronomers, using data from the Hubble Space Telescope and Gaia spacecraft, has confirmed the existence of the first isolated stellar-mass black hole. Initially spotted in 2022, this approximately seven-solar-mass black hole was detected through its gravitational microlensing effect. Unlike previously discovered black holes which all had companion stars, this discovery offers a new window into these mysterious objects and paves the way for future searches using the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope.

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Tech

RFK Jr.'s Plan to Make America Healthy: An Apple Watch for Everyone?

2025-06-25
RFK Jr.'s Plan to Make America Healthy: An Apple Watch for Everyone?

Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has launched an ambitious initiative to improve Americans' health by promoting widespread wearable device adoption, aiming for every American to wear one within four years. While proponents highlight the potential for early disease detection, concerns remain about privacy and data security risks associated with mass adoption. This, coupled with RFK Jr.'s history of spreading vaccine misinformation and recent controversial changes to the vaccine advisory panel, raises significant doubts about the plan's reliability and efficacy.

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Tech

China's AI Playbook: Prioritizing Applications, Driven by the State

2025-08-03
China's AI Playbook: Prioritizing Applications, Driven by the State

In its AI competition with the US, China is aggressively pushing for widespread AI adoption, deploying the technology across factories, hospitals, and government offices. While facing chip restrictions, China is focusing on application rather than solely pursuing cutting-edge models. The World Artificial Intelligence Conference in Shanghai showcased this strategy, attracting international figures. China announced an international AI regulatory organization and a 13-point plan for global cooperation, emphasizing public sector leadership and open-source models. However, economic slowdown and inherent limitations of AI technology, like 'hallucinations,' pose challenges to China's rapid AI development.

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Technological Advancement and Children's Learning: A Computer's Changing Times

2024-12-30

The author recounts their daughter's experience learning to use a computer, contrasting it with their own childhood experiences. In the past, simple 8-bit microcomputers like the Apple IIe allowed children to independently explore BASIC programming and learn hardware principles. Today, powerful computers offer abundant resources, but their complexity makes self-learning difficult for children. The author worries that the internet environment limits children's independent exploration and that parents without programming skills cannot guide their children's learning, calling for attention to the fairness of children's learning in the digital age.

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arXivLabs: Community Collaboration on Experimental Projects

2025-09-23
arXivLabs: Community Collaboration on Experimental Projects

arXivLabs is a framework enabling collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on the website. Individuals and organizations involved embrace arXiv's values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners who share them. Got an idea for a project that benefits the arXiv community? Learn more about arXivLabs.

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Development

Turn Your iPhone into an AirPlay Receiver with AirAP

2025-06-03
Turn Your iPhone into an AirPlay Receiver with AirAP

AirAP, a native iOS AirPlay server written in Swift, lets you use your iPhone as an AirPlay receiver. Stream audio from your Mac, Apple TV, or other iOS devices to your iPhone. Perfect for late-night work (routing audio to headphones), developers testing audio apps, or building a multi-room audio setup. Just install the app, connect to the same Wi-Fi, and your iPhone will appear as an AirPlay destination.

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Development Audio Streaming

Mystery Programmer Uses AI to Rewrite HUD Regulations, Sparking Controversy

2025-04-30
Mystery Programmer Uses AI to Rewrite HUD Regulations, Sparking Controversy

Chris Sweet, a University of Chicago student on leave, joined Elon Musk's DOGE and used AI to review and revise regulations at the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Sweet's application analyzes regulations and suggests revisions, prompting questions from HUD staff about his role and methodology. Some find the effort redundant, while others question his qualifications. Sweet's background is shrouded in mystery, with extensive experience in finance and investment, yet a sparse online presence. The incident also raises concerns about DOGE's activities within HUD, with Representative Maxine Waters accusing DOGE of stealing funds, illegally terminating staff, and accessing confidential data.

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North American Ski Resorts Face Existential Threat: Climate Change and Environmental Regulations

2025-01-31
North American Ski Resorts Face Existential Threat: Climate Change and Environmental Regulations

The North American ski industry is facing a crisis. Since the boom of the 1960s and 70s, over half of all ski resorts have closed, driven by climate change, environmental regulations, and shifting consumer demands. The study highlights the unsustainable water and energy consumption of artificial snowmaking, along with negative impacts on vegetation and wildlife. To survive, resorts must adopt sustainable practices, including investing in eco-friendly technologies, diversifying their offerings, implementing multi-resort passes, and exploring innovative ownership models to adapt to the changing climate and environmental pressures while maintaining profitability.

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US Research Funding Freeze: Innovation Engine Stalls

2025-05-12
US Research Funding Freeze: Innovation Engine Stalls

The US National Science Foundation (NSF) froze all outgoing funding, abruptly canceling over 1,000 research projects and halting roughly $739 million in research funds. This has caused widespread chaos in academia, forcing labs to shut down, jeopardizing graduate students' degrees, and leaving early-career faculty without grants. The article argues that this threatens the future of the US tech industry, as many tech giants' technologies originated from publicly funded university research. It calls for tech companies to reciprocate and collectively protect the research ecosystem to prevent a talent shortage.

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Inner Loop Agents: LLMs Calling Tools Directly

2025-04-21
Inner Loop Agents: LLMs Calling Tools Directly

Traditional LLMs require a client to parse and execute tool calls, but inner loop agents allow the LLM to parse and execute tools directly—a paradigm shift. The post explains how inner loop agents work, illustrating the difference between them and traditional LLMs with diagrams. The advantage is that LLMs can concurrently call tools alongside their thinking process, improving efficiency. Reinforcement learning's role in training inner loop agents and the Model Context Protocol (MCP)'s importance in supporting diverse tool use are also discussed. Ultimately, while LLMs can currently use tools, achieving optimal tool use requires specialized model training for best results.

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Zero-Downtime Database Migration Verified with PlusCal

2025-03-11

This blog post details how the author used PlusCal, a DSL for TLA+, and formal verification to ensure the correctness of a zero-downtime database migration. A PlusCal model was built simulating user Upsert, Delete, and Get operations on a database, along with a background migration process. By simulating a system without migration and one with migration, and verifying the consistency of Get operation results across all states, the author ensured the correctness of the migration algorithm. Formal verification helped in early detection of flaws, such as improper handling of TOMBSTONES, and highlighted the importance of atomic operations, like the atomicity of checking and inserting data during migration.

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Development

French Copyright Holders Push VPNs to Block Pirate Sites, Threatening Exodus

2025-02-25

In France, copyright holders are legally pressuring major VPN providers to assist in blocking pirate websites. While aiming to strengthen existing measures, VPN providers view this as a dangerous precedent, citing potential security risks and overblocking. Some are even considering withdrawing from the French market entirely. This action raises concerns about net neutrality and digital freedom, highlighting the tension between combating piracy and protecting user privacy.

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Tech

The Brain's Energy Budget: Why Focus Leads to Fatigue

2025-06-06
The Brain's Energy Budget: Why Focus Leads to Fatigue

New research unveils the secrets of the brain's energy efficiency. The brain operates far more efficiently than previously thought, a legacy of our ancestors' evolution in energy-scarce environments. Even at rest, the brain performs extensive background tasks, including prediction and maintaining homeostasis. Intense mental activity significantly increases energy consumption, explaining why prolonged focus leads to fatigue. The brain has evolved mechanisms to limit energy expenditure, such as reducing neuronal firing rates and synaptic transmission efficiency, maximizing information transmission efficiency per energy unit. This research provides insights into the brain's mechanisms and the limits of human cognitive capacity.

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Tech

Swift: One Language to Rule Them All, From Embedded Devices to the Cloud

2025-06-04
Swift: One Language to Rule Them All, From Embedded Devices to the Cloud

Swift's unique combination of approachability, speed, safety, and interoperability with C and C++ makes it the only language that scales from embedded devices and kernels to apps and cloud infrastructure. Its concise, readable syntax empowers developers of all levels, supporting object-oriented, functional, and generic programming paradigms. The language's progressive disclosure allows beginners to quickly learn the basics while experienced developers can leverage advanced features. A simple example demonstrates how a full command-line tool can be implemented in just a few lines of code.

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Development

Typewise (YC S22) is Hiring a Machine Learning Engineer in Zurich

2025-04-15
Typewise (YC S22) is Hiring a Machine Learning Engineer in Zurich

Typewise, a YC S22 startup building an AI customer service platform for enterprises, is seeking a Machine Learning Engineer to join their Zurich-based team. Leveraging custom AI and LLMs, Typewise boosts efficiency by up to 50% for clients like Unilever and DPD. The role involves researching, developing, and deploying cutting-edge NLP algorithms, collaborating directly with enterprise clients to optimize workflows, and contributing to the continuous improvement of their AI technology. Ideal candidates possess a computer science degree, 2+ years of experience building and deploying ML algorithms, and excellent Python programming skills. This is a chance to make a significant impact on a rapidly growing, innovative company.

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AI

NordVPN Finally Brings a GUI to Linux

2025-05-14
NordVPN Finally Brings a GUI to Linux

For years, NordVPN's Linux client was command-line only, leaving much to be desired in terms of user experience. Competitors like Surfshark and ExpressVPN had already released graphical user interfaces. Now, NordVPN has finally caught up, releasing its own Linux GUI. This allows users to connect, configure settings, and customize themes with clicks instead of commands, significantly improving ease of use. The new interface is built on the existing command-line foundation, preserving security and reliability while adding the much-requested GUI. Most features are readily accessible through the GUI, with only a few advanced tools remaining command-line only. This update addresses NordVPN's previous shortcomings in Linux user experience, aligning it with other platforms.

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Development

Chip-8 Emulator Intro: Building a Retro Game Console in Code

2025-01-06

This article introduces Chip-8, a simple virtual game console system, and explains how to build its emulator. It clearly explains binary, hexadecimal, and how Chip-8 instructions work, providing the foundational knowledge for building an emulator. The author guides the reader step-by-step, from simple to more complex instructions, explaining the inner workings of Chip-8, making it a great resource for those interested in retro gaming consoles and emulator technology.

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Development

Algorithms and Worker Power: The Rise and Fightback Against Reverse Centaurs

2025-05-30

This article explores the convergence of 'chickenization' (exploitative work arrangements) and 'reverse centaurs' (AI-driven, human-subordinate collaborations) in modern labor. Using gig workers and delivery drivers as examples, it reveals how algorithms manipulate workers, hide true earnings, and exert control through surveillance. In response, worker organizations are developing counter-algorithmic apps (like Para) to expose algorithmic opacity and organize collective action (like the #DECLINENOW movement). Initiatives also reverse-engineer algorithms, promoting worker transparency and autonomy, such as creating 'tuyul' apps for improved delivery driver autonomy. Ultimately, the author calls for labor solidarity, leveraging technology to combat algorithmic control and rebuild worker power.

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arXivLabs: Experimenting with Community Collaboration

2025-04-15
arXivLabs: Experimenting with Community Collaboration

arXivLabs is a framework enabling collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on the website. Individuals and organizations involved uphold arXiv's values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only partners with those who share them. Got an idea for a project that benefits the arXiv community? Learn more about arXivLabs.

Read more
Development

CVE Program Faces Funding Cliff, Threatening Global Cybersecurity

2025-04-16
CVE Program Faces Funding Cliff, Threatening Global Cybersecurity

MITRE's CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures) program, a cornerstone of global cybersecurity, faces a potential shutdown due to expiring funding from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. The program assigns standardized identifiers to software vulnerabilities, crucial for communication and coordinated responses. A lapse would severely disrupt vulnerability tracking, patch management, and threat intelligence, impacting governments, businesses, and individuals. While historical CVE data will remain on GitHub, the cessation of new vulnerability assignment would cripple the global cybersecurity community's ability to respond to emerging threats. Experts urge immediate government intervention to prevent catastrophic consequences and advocate for stable, long-term funding to ensure the CVE program's continued operation.

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Tech
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