Data Center Interconnects: Can VCSELs Challenge DFB Lasers?

2025-08-30
Data Center Interconnects: Can VCSELs Challenge DFB Lasers?

The increasing demand for higher bandwidth and lower power consumption in data centers is driving the development of optical interconnect technologies. While DFB lasers, traditionally used in long-haul fiber optic communication, offer superior performance, they are expensive and temperature-sensitive. VCSELs, known for their low cost and power consumption, are gaining traction but their wavelength and bandwidth limitations hinder wider adoption. This article explores advancements in VCSEL technology aimed at enhancing their role in short-reach data center interconnects. It highlights Volantis' approach using improved VCSELs and optical interposers to achieve high-efficiency, massively parallel optical interconnects, offering a novel perspective on data center optical interconnect technology.

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Tech

Faster bzip2 in Rust: Cross-Compilation Made Easy

2025-06-17
Faster bzip2 in Rust: Cross-Compilation Made Easy

The newly released bzip2 0.6.0 uses a Rust implementation (libbz2-rs-sys) by default, resulting in significant speed improvements for both compression and decompression, and simplified cross-compilation. This work addresses the continued reliance on bzip2 in many projects, with the Rust version offering solutions to longstanding compilation issues such as WebAssembly compilation and Windows/Android compatibility. Benchmark tests show that the Rust implementation generally outperforms the C implementation, and a Miri security audit ensures code reliability.

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Development

The Swedish Campground in Your Mac Menu

2025-07-07

Early Macintosh designers added the Apple logo to menu items to indicate keyboard shortcuts. Steve Jobs, however, deemed this excessive. A frantic search for a replacement led them to a Swedish campground symbol in an international symbol dictionary. This small, floral icon, chosen for its distinctiveness, remains a subtle part of macOS to this day, a hidden piece of design history.

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Standard Ebooks: Free, High-Quality Public Domain eBooks

2025-04-06
Standard Ebooks: Free, High-Quality Public Domain eBooks

Standard Ebooks is a volunteer-driven project producing meticulously crafted editions of public domain ebooks. They source ebooks from projects like Project Gutenberg, then expertly format, typeset, proofread, and optimize them for modern ereaders and browsers. These free, open-source ebooks boast rich metadata, attractive covers, and cutting-edge technology like hyphenation support and popup footnotes. Standard Ebooks sets a new standard for quality in free ebooks, serving both readers and fellow ebook producers.

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Misc

Operational PGP: A Guide to Secure Email Communication

2024-12-24
Operational PGP: A Guide to Secure Email Communication

This guide isn't about installing or using PGP; it's about using it securely. It emphasizes operational security beyond just encrypting email content, covering email composition, storage, key management, and more. It recommends composing emails in a text editor, avoiding saving drafts in email clients; generating and destroying keys frequently; avoiding publishing keys to keyservers; keeping email subjects blank to minimize metadata leakage; using the `gpg --throw-keys` option during encryption; enabling encryption by default and explicitly choosing whether to sign emails. The goal is maximizing PGP's security potential.

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The Hanseatic League: A 500-Year Rise and Fall of a Medieval Trade Coalition

2025-07-26
The Hanseatic League: A 500-Year Rise and Fall of a Medieval Trade Coalition

From humble beginnings as individual traveling merchants, the Hanseatic League forged a powerful coalition that dominated Northern European trade for nearly 500 years. Their collective bargaining, coordinated actions, and surprisingly effective security measures built a vast trade network, even enabling them to wage and win wars. However, internal divisions, external competition, and shifting economic interests ultimately led to the League's decline. This epic tale illustrates both the power and fragility of coalitions, offering valuable lessons about the importance of shared goals, adaptation, and the enduring impact of even temporary alliances.

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UK Watchdog Probes Apple and Google's Mobile Empires

2025-01-23
UK Watchdog Probes Apple and Google's Mobile Empires

Britain's Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) launched investigations into Apple and Google's mobile ecosystems, marking the first use of its new digital market powers. The CMA will examine whether Apple and Google are abusing their dominant market positions, including practices like pre-installing their own apps and imposing unfair app store terms. This move aims to protect consumers and businesses from unfair practices by Big Tech. Both Apple and Google stated they would cooperate with the regulator.

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Linus Torvalds and bcachefs Developer Part Ways

2025-07-05

Linus Torvalds, the maintainer of the Linux kernel, rejected a pull request for the bcachefs filesystem in the 6.16-rc3 release and hinted at no longer accepting contributions from the project in the 6.17 merge window. This stems from a significant disagreement during code review, with Torvalds stating that bcachefs developer Kent Overstreet refused to accept any questioning or modification of his code. Following a private conversation, both parties decided to end their collaboration.

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Development Development Dispute

Boox Mira Pro Color: An E Ink Desktop Monitor That's Easy on the Eyes (But Expensive)

2025-04-30
Boox Mira Pro Color: An E Ink Desktop Monitor That's Easy on the Eyes (But Expensive)

Boox has unveiled the Mira Pro Color, its first desktop monitor with a color E Ink screen. Building on the 2023 black-and-white model, it uses the same color E Ink technology found in Kindles. While E Ink is known for being easy on the eyes, large color panels are pricey; the 25.3-inch Mira Pro Color costs $1,899.99, with potential import tariffs adding to the cost. While its refresh rate can't match LCDs or OLEDs, Boox offers four display modes balancing quality and speed for tasks like video playback. Ideal for text editing, writing, or spreadsheets in bright environments, it's not suited for gamers or video editors.

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Hardware E Ink display

JIT-Compiling a Stack Machine with SLJIT: A Tale of Optimization

2025-09-19

This post details the author's journey in implementing a JIT compiler for their stack-based uxn virtual machine using SLJIT. Initial attempts yielded minimal performance gains due to uxn's frequent dynamic jumps. However, through a series of optimizations—including refined calling conventions, stack caching, and register allocation strategies—a 30-46% speedup was achieved. The article meticulously documents the optimization process, challenges encountered, and debugging techniques, providing valuable insights for those interested in JIT compilation and optimizing stack-based virtual machines.

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Development stack machine

Can LLMs Save Niche Programming Languages? Elixir's Strategy

2025-06-05
Can LLMs Save Niche Programming Languages? Elixir's Strategy

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has sparked concerns among developers about their impact on niche programming languages. This article uses Elixir as a case study to explore how LLMs affect programming languages and how to leverage LLMs to enhance the competitiveness of niche languages. The author argues that LLM biases might lead to a preference for mainstream tech stacks, but by improving the interaction between LLMs and niche languages—such as providing better documentation and LLM-optimized code examples—LLMs can better understand and utilize niche languages. Furthermore, building evaluation datasets for niche languages can improve LLM proficiency, leading to recommendations for niche languages in suitable scenarios. Ultimately, the author suggests that actively embracing and utilizing LLMs, rather than passively resisting them, is key to the survival of niche programming languages in the AI era.

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Development

Nine-Day Milestone: Gene-Edited Pig Lung Transplanted into Human

2025-08-27
Nine-Day Milestone: Gene-Edited Pig Lung Transplanted into Human

A team from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University achieved a groundbreaking feat: successfully transplanting a genetically modified pig lung into a brain-dead human, maintaining function for nine days. While the experiment was ultimately terminated due to organ rejection, it represents a significant advancement in xenotransplantation. The focus wasn't on immediate success, but on observing the human immune response. The pig lung underwent six gene edits to minimize immune and inflammatory responses. Results highlighted challenges such as pulmonary edema and antibody-mediated rejection. Future research will focus on optimizing immunosuppression, refining gene editing, and ultimately achieving clinical translation.

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Massive Security Flaw Exposes Burger King, Popeyes, and Tim Hortons' Global Systems

2025-09-06
Massive Security Flaw Exposes Burger King, Popeyes, and Tim Hortons' Global Systems

Security researchers discovered critical vulnerabilities in the global ordering systems of Restaurant Brands International (RBI), impacting Burger King, Popeyes, and Tim Hortons. Attackers could access data from every store without authentication, including employee information, internal IDs, configuration details, and thousands, possibly hundreds of thousands, of customer voice recordings containing personally identifiable information (PII). The vulnerabilities stemmed from easily exploitable APIs allowing unauthorized user registration and admin access. RBI responded swiftly to patch the vulnerabilities after the report.

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Tech

CompactLog: A High-Performance Certificate Transparency Log Implementation

2025-06-10
CompactLog: A High-Performance Certificate Transparency Log Implementation

CompactLog is a Certificate Transparency (CT) log implementation built on LSM-tree storage, addressing scalability challenges faced by traditional CT logs. Leveraging SlateDB for LSM-tree storage, it employs STH-boundary versioning and synchronous tree updates to achieve a Maximum Merge Delay (MMD) of 0 seconds. By batching submissions and incorporating certificates into the Merkle tree before issuing SCTs, it eliminates the MMD inherent in many traditional CT logs. Furthermore, CompactLog features certificate chain deduplication, significantly reducing storage costs. Its high performance and reliability make it an ideal choice for next-generation CT logs.

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NASA's Space Game Dream: From Moonbase Alpha to the Fall of Starlite

2025-06-27
NASA's Space Game Dream: From Moonbase Alpha to the Fall of Starlite

NASA once attempted to promote space exploration through gaming, collaborating with game studios in 2009 to develop the lunar base simulator, Moonbase Alpha. The game unexpectedly gained popularity due to its unique DECtalk speech synthesis system, with players creating various songs, becoming a viral phenomenon. However, the subsequent ambitious space MMO, Starlite: Astronaut Academy, ultimately failed due to funding issues and internal conflicts, leaving behind a story filled with regret.

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Game

Gemma 3n: Powerful Mobile-First AI Model Released

2025-06-27
Gemma 3n: Powerful Mobile-First AI Model Released

Gemma 3n, a powerful mobile-first multimodal AI model, is now fully released! Built on the innovative MatFormer architecture, it supports image, audio, video, and text inputs, running with incredibly low memory footprints (2GB for E2B and 3GB for E4B). Gemma 3n supports 140 languages for text processing and 35 languages for multimodal understanding, achieving an LMArena score exceeding 1300. Its efficient architecture and Per-Layer Embeddings technology enable outstanding performance across various tasks, offering developers unprecedented convenience and ushering in a new era for mobile AI.

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AI

Efficient Search in Local-First Web Apps using a DSL

2025-04-24
Efficient Search in Local-First Web Apps using a DSL

This article presents an efficient search system for local-first web applications built using a Domain-Specific Language (DSL). Leveraging TypeScript and parser combinators, a robust, maintainable, and extensible search engine is created. By defining an Issue interface and parsers, the system parses DSL queries, generates an Abstract Syntax Tree (AST), and ultimately produces predicate functions for data filtering. Performance tests demonstrate the system's ability to efficiently handle millions of records. The article also explores performance enhancements such as indexing, query optimization, and caching.

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Development

Devin: The Autonomous AI Engineer That Wasn't

2025-01-17
Devin: The Autonomous AI Engineer That Wasn't

Answer.AI conducted a month-long evaluation of Devin, a hyped AI tool promising fully autonomous software engineering capabilities. Initial tests showed promise, with Devin successfully handling simple tasks like migrating data from Notion to Google Sheets. However, as task complexity increased, Devin's shortcomings became apparent. It struggled with creating new projects, conducting research, and modifying existing code, often getting stuck in technical dead-ends or producing overly complex solutions. Out of 20 tasks, only 3 were successful, 14 failed, and 3 were inconclusive. The team concluded that Devin's autonomous nature proved to be a liability, ultimately hindering its effectiveness. Currently, developer-driven workflows supplemented by AI assistance offer a more reliable approach.

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Legendary Amateur Press Association Magazine Ceases Publication After Nearly 50 Years

2025-05-10
Legendary Amateur Press Association Magazine Ceases Publication After Nearly 50 Years

Alarums & Excursions, an amateur press association (APA) magazine founded in 1975, has ceased publication after nearly 50 years and over 590 issues. This long-running publication served as a platform for many prominent game designers and writers, including Greg Stafford, and won numerous 'best amateur magazine' awards. Its editor, Lee Gold, a legend in the field, was also a prolific RPG writer and novelist. While its closure is sad news, PDFs of all back issues are available for purchase.

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No-Soldering Upgrade for Your Casio F-91W: Sensor Watch Pro

2025-07-19
No-Soldering Upgrade for Your Casio F-91W: Sensor Watch Pro

Oddly Specific Objects is back with a solderless upgrade for the classic Casio F-91W: the Sensor Watch Pro. This upgrade features an accelerometer and a custom LCD, allowing for more complex display options. A browser-based emulator simplifies firmware flashing. The upgrade process is straightforward, involving disassembly and component replacement. The author customized the firmware, removing imperial units and the 12-hour clock, and adding a counter, accelerometer, and light sensor displays.

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Hardware

Spain and Brazil Team Up to Tackle Tax Evasion by the Ultra-Rich

2025-07-02
Spain and Brazil Team Up to Tackle Tax Evasion by the Ultra-Rich

At the UN's 4th International Conference on Financing for Development in Seville, Spain and Brazil launched a bold initiative: a push for a fairer global tax system to make the ultra-wealthy contribute more to public finances. Highlighting that the richest 1% own over 95% of global wealth, they argue that lower effective tax rates and legal loopholes allow the wealthy to pay less than ordinary taxpayers. The initiative calls for increased information sharing, improved data analysis capabilities, and ultimately, a global wealth registry to enhance transparency and accountability. While acknowledging the time and political will required, Spain and Brazil believe this is a moderate approach to address the radical reality of growing wealth inequality.

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STOP AI: Radical Protest Against AGI Development

2025-02-21
STOP AI: Radical Protest Against AGI Development

A radical group called STOP AI is actively protesting the development of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) by companies like OpenAI. They believe AGI poses an existential threat to humanity and are calling for governments to ban its development and even destroy existing models. The group's members have diverse backgrounds, ranging from engineers to physicists, and they're employing various methods, including protests and civil disobedience, aiming to rally 3.5% of the US population to effect change. The case also involves the death of former OpenAI employee Suchir Balaji, with STOP AI demanding a thorough investigation. Despite the immense challenges, they remain determined in their fight to halt AGI development.

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Codebuff's Year One: From CLI Coding Tool to Multi-Agent Architecture

2025-07-05
Codebuff's Year One: From CLI Coding Tool to Multi-Agent Architecture

The Codebuff team reflects on their first year building the best coding agent. From a initial CLI prototype to a multi-agent architecture, they experienced rapid growth but also faced reliability challenges. The post summarizes lessons learned, including prioritization, feature pruning, and the importance of teamwork, and looks ahead to future trends in coding agents, such as the multi-agent paradigm, live learning, and autonomous code commits.

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Development

Cyborg Embryos: Recording Brain Activity During Development

2025-06-15
Cyborg Embryos: Recording Brain Activity During Development

Harvard scientists have created cyborg embryos by implanting flexible electrode arrays into the developing brains of frogs, mice, and salamanders. This groundbreaking technology allows for the recording of neural activity throughout development, providing unprecedented insights into how the brain forms and functions. While the researchers deem human embryo implantation unethical, the technology holds immense potential for studying and treating neurodevelopmental disorders in children due to its biocompatible and stretchable nature. Experiments revealed the technology's ability to track neural activity changes during development and regeneration, potentially opening avenues for novel therapeutic interventions.

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Anxious Parents and AI-Powered Kid Phones: A Balancing Act Between Safety and Freedom

2025-05-17
Anxious Parents and AI-Powered Kid Phones: A Balancing Act Between Safety and Freedom

The ubiquity of smartphones has left parents grappling with the benefits of technology and the concerns about its impact on their children's mental health. This article describes an "alternative device fair" held in Westport, Connecticut, showcasing phones with intentionally limited functionality and advanced parental controls and AI-powered content moderation systems designed to protect children from online abuse, pornography, and harmful content. However, these phones also raise concerns about privacy, over-monitoring, and the reliability of AI technology. Parents struggle to balance safety with their children's freedom, seeking a compromise that protects their kids while still allowing them to enjoy the benefits of technology.

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Rethinking the Unit of Work in Software Development

2025-09-23

This article explores best practices for defining the 'unit of work' in software development. The author argues that a good unit of work should be decomposable, verifiable, independent, and prioritizable, similar to a user story but with a stronger emphasis on its role throughout the entire software lifecycle. Clearly defining the unit of work, the author claims, increases team efficiency, reduces unnecessary complexity, and ultimately delivers more customer value. The article also critiques the practice of solely measuring AI-assisted development efficiency by code generation volume, advocating instead for a customer-value-oriented assessment of the unit of work's actual impact.

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Development unit of work

The Illusion of Winning: Society's Hidden Agenda

2025-03-22

Our society is structured like a lottery, rewarding a select few while encouraging millions to compete. While this competition drives progress, the author argues that the individual often sacrifices well-being for a statistically improbable win. Instead of chasing societal approval, the article advocates for focusing on personal fulfillment, enjoying life's simple pleasures, and creating 'infinite games' – pursuits driven by intrinsic motivation, not external validation. The true victory, it suggests, is finding joy in the journey, not just the destination.

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Misc

Python Constructor Theory Simulator: Quantum Gravity & Electromagnetism in Code

2025-05-18
Python Constructor Theory Simulator: Quantum Gravity & Electromagnetism in Code

A Python implementation of David Deutsch's Constructor Theory framework, showcasing core concepts—from simple Tasks and branching substrates to quantum gravity and electromagnetism—entirely in code. It includes a "universal constructor" capable of bootstrapping itself from a list of Tasks, demonstrating self-replication and the power of Constructor Theory. Features include irreversible & quantum tasks, timers & clocks, fungibility, continuous dynamics, and coupling tasks like gravitational two-body, Coulomb coupling, and Lorentz force.

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Development Constructor Theory

Chrome Blocks Unauthorized Local Network Access from Websites

2025-06-04
Chrome Blocks Unauthorized Local Network Access from Websites

The Chrome team is designing a new feature to prevent websites from accessing local network devices without user permission. Currently, malicious websites can exploit a user's browser as a "confused deputy," accessing local devices like printers. The new approach uses a permission mechanism to control local network access, requiring explicit user authorization before a website can communicate with local network devices. This aims to enhance user privacy and security, preventing malicious attacks, but may also impact some existing services that rely on this functionality.

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Escaping the US Cloud: A Practical Migration Story

2025-03-18
Escaping the US Cloud: A Practical Migration Story

Concerns over conflicting EU privacy laws and US data practices, coupled with the potential for US government misuse of tech companies as weapons, led the author to migrate their business's reliance on US cloud services. The article details the process and experiences of switching from Microsoft 365 to Proton, Bitwarden to Proton Pass, and gradually migrating other services such as GitHub, Google Search, Cloudflare/Google DNS, Docker Hub, and NPM. Some migrations proved easier than expected, like the surprisingly seamless transition to Proton as a Microsoft 365 alternative, while others, like GitHub, demanded more time due to high dependency. The article highlights the importance of reducing dependence on US cloud services and encourages exploring European alternatives.

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Development tech sovereignty
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