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Brain's Active Role in Creating Mental 'Chapters' Revealed

2024-12-19
Brain's Active Role in Creating Mental 'Chapters' Revealed

A new study in Current Biology unveils how the brain segments the continuous stream of daily experiences into distinct, meaningful events. This 'event segmentation' isn't just a passive response to environmental changes; it's an active process shaped by internal scripts based on past experiences and goals. Researchers used audio narratives and fMRI to demonstrate that brain activity, particularly in the medial prefrontal cortex of the default mode network, aligns with event boundaries determined by prioritized scripts. This active construction of mental 'chapters' is crucial for understanding, memory formation, and prioritizing information.

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(www.psypost.org)
AI event segmentation brain activity memory

Nurses' Nightmares: Algorithmic Exploitation in the Gig Economy

2024-12-19

Cory Doctorow's article exposes how 'Uber for nurses' apps in the US healthcare system exploit nurses through algorithmic discrimination and risk-shifting. These apps use complex fee structures and competitive bidding to lower wages, forcing nurses to cover insurance, equipment, and other costs, resulting in significantly reduced income and precarious working conditions. The article highlights this as a failure of capitalism and calls for stronger labor laws and unionization to protect nurses' rights.

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(pluralistic.net)
Tech algorithmic discrimination gig economy nurse exploitation

Apple Accuses Meta of Unreasonable Interoperability Requests Under EU's DMA

2024-12-19
Apple Accuses Meta of Unreasonable Interoperability Requests Under EU's DMA

Apple has accused Meta of making 15 interoperability requests under the European Union's Digital Markets Act (DMA), more than any other company. Apple claims Meta's requests, which could compromise user security and privacy, seek access to extensive user data including messages, emails, call logs, app usage, photos, files, calendar events, and passwords. Apple argues these requests are unreasonable, emphasizing the importance of iOS and iPadOS integrity and the potential infeasibility of creating effective interoperability solutions. The European Commission is consulting on the matter and may adjust measures based on feedback.

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(www.macrumors.com)
Tech Digital Markets Act

Debunking the RAM Myth: Optimizing Memory Access

2024-12-19
Debunking the RAM Myth: Optimizing Memory Access

This article challenges the common misconception about modern computer memory—the RAM myth—that assumes memory access is always random and uniform. By analyzing data sharding algorithms, the author demonstrates that simple linear algorithms are inefficient for large datasets due to frequent cache misses. To address this, an optimized strategy based on radix sort is proposed. Techniques like pre-sorting data, using generators, and pre-allocating memory significantly improve data sharding efficiency. Experimental results show that the optimized algorithm achieves a 2.5 to 9x speedup when processing large datasets.

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(purplesyringa.moe)
Development cache optimization radix sort big data processing

Saturn's Rings: Older Than We Thought?

2024-12-19
Saturn's Rings: Older Than We Thought?

A new study challenges the long-held belief that Saturn's rings are relatively young. Previous research, based on data from the Cassini spacecraft, suggested an age of only a few hundred million years. However, a team led by planetary scientist Ryuki Hyodo used computer simulations to show that micrometeoroid impacts on the rings produce far less contamination than previously thought. This implies the rings could be billions of years old, as old as Saturn itself, predating even the dinosaurs. This finding significantly alters our understanding of early solar system evolution and points towards future missions for more detailed investigation.

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(www.space.com)
Tech Saturn's rings age Cassini

MoonBit Compiler Goes Open Source: A High-Performance Language for WebAssembly

2024-12-19
MoonBit Compiler Goes Open Source: A High-Performance Language for WebAssembly

After two years of development, the MoonBit compiler, including its Wasm backend, is now open source! MoonBit aims to be a WebAssembly-optimized programming language, known for its speed, compactness, and ease of use. This release uses a modified SSPL license, allowing users to freely choose the license for their generated artifacts and permitting modifications to the compiler for non-commercial purposes. The team chose this license to maintain stability while the project is still in beta and to prevent large cloud vendors from misusing their work. In the future, MoonBit plans to open source more components and generate revenue through hosting services and hardware SDKs, aiming to build a vibrant community ecosystem.

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(www.moonbitlang.com)
Development Open Source Compiler

Classical Sorting Algorithms Reveal Unexpected Competencies in a Minimal Model of Basal Intelligence

2024-12-19
Classical Sorting Algorithms Reveal Unexpected Competencies in a Minimal Model of Basal Intelligence

A new study uses classical sorting algorithms as a model of morphogenesis, challenging conventional wisdom about these algorithms. By breaking assumptions of top-down control and perfectly reliable hardware, researchers discovered that arrays of autonomous elements sort themselves more reliably and robustly than traditional implementations, even in the presence of errors. Surprisingly, these algorithms exhibit the ability to temporarily reduce progress to navigate around defects and unexpected clustering behavior among elements in chimeric arrays following different algorithms. This discovery provides a novel perspective on diverse intelligence, demonstrating how basal forms of intelligence can emerge in simple systems without explicit encoding in their underlying mechanics.

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(arxiv.org)
AI diverse intelligence morphogenesis sorting algorithms

Embedding Lua in Rust for Configurable Static SQL Analysis in sqleibniz

2024-12-19

sqleibniz, a static SQL analysis tool for the SQLite dialect, has been enhanced with Lua scripting for increased configurability and extensibility. The author details the integration using the mlua crate in Rust, covering data structure conversion, Lua function calls, and error handling. Lua scripts allow users to define custom rules and hooks, enabling flexible static analysis such as customized diagnostics and style checks. This significantly improves sqleibniz's extensibility and user experience.

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(xnacly.me)
Development Static Analysis

Confronting Shipwreck: Maritime Disasters and Ecological Collapse in Literature

2024-12-19
Confronting Shipwreck: Maritime Disasters and Ecological Collapse in Literature

A nature writer battling a debilitating genetic kidney disease finds solace and healing in reading about maritime disasters amidst the backdrop of ecological collapse. The article lists ten books exploring shipwrecks and environmental devastation, ranging from Melville's *Moby-Dick* to Grann's *The Wager*. These narratives not only depict the harrowing events but also delve into humanity's relationship with nature, resilience, and the spectrum of human behavior during crisis. The author advocates for confronting adversity head-on and drawing strength from the experience as a vital step in overcoming personal and ecological challenges.

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(lithub.com)
Misc maritime literature ecological collapse healing

Harvard Releases Massive Free AI Training Dataset

2024-12-18
Harvard Releases Massive Free AI Training Dataset

Harvard University, in collaboration with Microsoft and OpenAI, has released a massive AI training dataset comprising nearly 1 million public domain books. Created by Harvard's Institutional Data Initiative, this dataset aims to 'level the playing field' by providing smaller players and individual researchers access to high-quality training data previously only available to large tech companies. Similar to the impact of Linux, this resource, spanning various genres, decades, and languages, will fuel AI model development. However, companies will still need additional licensed data to differentiate their models.

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(www.wired.com)
AI AI training dataset public domain books level playing field

First Case of Severe Bird Flu Confirmed in US

2024-12-18
First Case of Severe Bird Flu Confirmed in US

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has confirmed the first case of severe bird flu in the United States. A Louisiana resident over 65 with underlying health conditions is hospitalized with severe respiratory illness due to avian influenza. The patient had contact with backyard birds, and genomic data shows the virus strain matches one recently spreading in US wild birds and poultry. While 61 human cases have been reported in the US since April, most were mild and recovered with antiviral treatment. The CDC stresses the risk of human-to-human transmission is low, but advises precautions for those working with or around poultry.

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(abcnews.go.com)
Tech avian influenza viral infection

Apple and NVIDIA Partner to Accelerate LLM Text Generation

2024-12-18
Apple and NVIDIA Partner to Accelerate LLM Text Generation

Apple and NVIDIA have teamed up to integrate Apple's ReDrafter technology into NVIDIA's TensorRT-LLM, resulting in a significant speedup for large language model text generation. ReDrafter combines beam search and dynamic tree attention, achieving significantly faster text generation without sacrificing quality. This collaboration allows developers using NVIDIA GPUs to easily leverage ReDrafter's accelerated token generation for their production LLM applications, achieving a 2.7x speed increase in benchmark tests, reducing latency and power consumption.

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(9to5mac.com)
AI

SQL Syntax Without a Database: Introducing Musoq

2024-12-18
SQL Syntax Without a Database: Introducing Musoq

Musoq is an open-source project enabling developers to query diverse data sources like files, directories, and images using SQL-like syntax, without needing a database. It boasts a plugin architecture supporting various data sources including file systems, archives, Git repositories, C# code, Docker and Kubernetes resources, and even integrates with AI models like OpenAI and Ollama for advanced analysis. Musoq aims to simplify data querying, boosting developer efficiency, especially for ad-hoc queries on smaller to medium-sized datasets. While employing SQL-like syntax, it's not fully SQL compliant; prioritising user-friendly syntax and efficient execution.

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(github.com)
Development Data Querying

EQTY Lab, Intel, and NVIDIA Unveil Verifiable Compute AI Framework

2024-12-18
EQTY Lab, Intel, and NVIDIA Unveil Verifiable Compute AI Framework

EQTY Lab, in collaboration with Intel and NVIDIA, announced the release of Verifiable Compute, a hardware-based solution for governing and auditing AI workflows. This framework provides real-time certificates of authenticity and compliance for AI training, inference, and benchmarks, ensuring explainability, accountability, and security. Leveraging next-generation hardware from Intel and NVIDIA, Verifiable Compute addresses escalating risks in AI supply chains, such as AI poisoning and data breaches. It integrates with tools like ServiceNow, Databricks, and Palantir, enabling responsible AI innovation and compliance with regulations like the EU AI Act. The solution is already deployed across various sectors, including life sciences, public sector, finance, and media.

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(www.eqtylab.io)
AI Verifiable Compute AI Security Hardware Security

Open Source Solaar: A Linux Manager for Logitech Devices

2024-12-18
Open Source Solaar: A Linux Manager for Logitech Devices

Solaar is an open-source Linux device manager for many Logitech keyboards, mice, and other devices connecting wirelessly via Unifying, Bolt, Lightspeed, or Nano receivers, as well as many Logitech devices connecting via USB cable or Bluetooth. It's not a device driver; it responds to special messages from devices otherwise ignored by the Linux input system. Solaar supports pairing/unpairing devices with receivers, configuring device settings, custom button configurations, and running rules in response to special messages from devices. Installation options include pre-built packages and source code compilation.

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(github.com)
Development

Making Apple Watch Work with Android: An Open-Source Odyssey

2024-12-18
Making Apple Watch Work with Android: An Open-Source Odyssey

The author details their journey to connect an Apple Watch to an Android phone, bypassing Apple's walled garden. This involved using open-source apps, interoperable protocols, and third-party services, even requiring a secondary, home-based iPhone for initial setup. The author overcame challenges with notifications, calendar syncing, and contact integration, sharing their code on GitHub. This project highlights the power of open-source and the author's commitment to tech freedom, offering a compelling counterpoint to the closed ecosystems of tech giants.

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(abishekmuthian.com)
Tech

K8s Cleaner: Optimize Your Kubernetes Clusters

2024-12-18

K8s Cleaner is a Kubernetes cluster cleanup tool designed for administrators. It efficiently identifies and removes unused resources to boost cluster performance and reduce operational costs. Supporting all resource types, including CRDs, it offers pre-defined rules and customizable options (time-based, label-based, or custom Lua scripts). Notifications are sent via Slack, Email, and more, while a dry-run mode prevents accidental changes. K8s Cleaner streamlines Kubernetes resource management.

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(sveltos.projectsveltos.io)
Development Cluster Cleanup Resource Management

Metformin's Secret Revealed: Mitochondria Hold the Key

2024-12-18
Metformin's Secret Revealed: Mitochondria Hold the Key

A new study unveils the precise mechanism of action for metformin, a widely used drug for Type 2 diabetes. Researchers discovered that metformin lowers blood sugar by interfering with mitochondria, the cell's powerhouses. Specifically, it blocks mitochondrial complex I, a crucial part of the cell's energy-producing machinery. This research, published in Science Advances, used genetically engineered mice to demonstrate that metformin targets disease-contributing cells without significantly harming healthy ones. This provides a deeper understanding of how this 'wonder drug' works.

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(news.northwestern.edu)
Tech metformin mitochondria diabetes

Java for Small Programs: Scripts and Notebooks

2024-12-18

This article explores the surprising effectiveness of Java for small programs, particularly scripting and exploratory programming. The author details how Java's features, like implicit classes, records, and enums, simplify code, highlighting the ease of running Java scripts without compilation (using JEP 330 and JEP 458). Managing external dependencies with JBang is also discussed. The article further delves into using Java within Jupyter Notebooks, acknowledging current limitations while expressing hope for future improvements in the ecosystem. The author's experience automating tedious tasks showcases Java's strength over alternatives like bash scripting and Python, emphasizing the advantages of static typing and robust tool support.

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(horstmann.com)
Development Scripting

Doomsday Predictions: Why People Always Feel the End is Nigh

2024-12-18
Doomsday Predictions: Why People Always Feel the End is Nigh

From Columbus's time onward, doomsday predictions have accompanied humanity. The author argues that people believe in them not for comfort, but because they seem logical. A 'Good Cup Bad Cup' theory is introduced: people pay more attention to bad things, and negative memories fade faster, leading to a perception that bad things are increasing and the world is deteriorating. Historical examples, from ancient Egyptian prophecies to the Millerite movement, support this: people always feel the present is worse than the past. The author calls for a rational perspective, urging readers to avoid biases and recognize positive changes.

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(www.experimental-history.com)
Misc doomsday prophecies cognitive biases historical analysis

Early Bronze Age Massacre Unearthed in Somerset, UK

2024-12-18
Early Bronze Age Massacre Unearthed in Somerset, UK

Excavations at Charterhouse Warren in Somerset, UK, have revealed a shocking Early Bronze Age massacre. At least 37 men, women, and children were brutally killed and butchered, their dismembered remains discarded in a 15-meter-deep natural shaft. Cut marks and blunt force trauma on the bones indicate a deliberate act of extreme violence, possibly including cannibalism. This discovery offers a unique insight into prehistoric violence in Britain, challenging previous understandings of social stability during this period and prompting further investigation into the motivations and social context of the event.

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(www.cambridge.org)
Misc Early Bronze Age Massacre Cannibalism

The 1954 Seattle Windshield Pitting Epidemic: A Case of Mass Delusion

2024-12-18
The 1954 Seattle Windshield Pitting Epidemic: A Case of Mass Delusion

In April 1954, Seattle and surrounding areas were gripped by a mysterious phenomenon: countless tiny pits appeared on car windshields. Panic ensued, with theories ranging from cosmic rays to nuclear fallout and even sand flea eggs. Official investigations were chaotic, experts disagreed, and mass hysteria gripped the public. The truth, however, was far less dramatic: the pits were already there, unnoticed until widespread attention and media fueled a collective delusion. The event became a textbook example of mass delusion, highlighting the dangers of misinformation and the power of groupthink.

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(www.historylink.org)
Misc mass delusion social psychology 1954 Seattle event

Pea Protein Foam: Revolutionizing Plant-Based Baking

2024-12-18
Pea Protein Foam: Revolutionizing Plant-Based Baking

Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute have developed a plant-based protein foam made from legumes like peas and lentils. This foam can be used in baking to create light and airy baked goods, offering a healthy vegan alternative to egg whites. The process involves extracting pea protein and optimizing its foaming properties using high-pressure homogenization. The resulting foam closely matches the quality of animal-derived protein foams. While discerning palates might detect subtle differences, this innovation represents a significant breakthrough for plant-based baking, reflecting the growing demand for healthy and sustainable food options.

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(phys.org)
Tech plant-based protein baking

BlackSheep: A Fast and Lightweight ASGI Web Framework for Python

2024-12-18
BlackSheep: A Fast and Lightweight ASGI Web Framework for Python

BlackSheep is a fast asynchronous ASGI web framework for Python, inspired by Flask, ASP.NET Core, and the work of Yury Selivanov. It offers a CLI for rapid project bootstrapping, supports automatic binding, dependency injection, OpenAPI documentation generation, and various authentication and authorization strategies. BlackSheep boasts broad platform and runtime compatibility, and features middleware, WebSocket, SSE, static file serving, and Jinja2 integration, making it ideal for building high-performance web applications.

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(github.com)
Development Web Framework Asynchronous

GitHub Copilot: Your AI Pair Programmer

2024-12-18
GitHub Copilot: Your AI Pair Programmer

GitHub Copilot is an AI-powered pair programmer that provides real-time code suggestions based on your code and natural language prompts. It supports multiple programming languages and IDEs, offering free and paid plans to suit various needs. Copilot boasts powerful debugging and security vulnerability fixing capabilities, along with multi-file editing and cross-platform support. While trained on public code repositories, it doesn't copy-paste code but generates suggestions probabilistically, offering an optional code referencing filter to mitigate copyright concerns.

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(github.com)
Development AI programming code assistant

Zipshare: Effortless Android Screen Sharing for Support

2024-12-18

Zipshare offers seamless Android screen sharing, perfect for internal help desks supporting retail staff or field employees. No signup or meeting IDs are needed for the screen sharer – just instant sharing, with the option to add your own voice or video chat. Created by Miso Software, Zipshare is a simple yet powerful tool for team collaboration.

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(www.getzipshare.com)
Development screen sharing Android app remote support

MIT Rocket Team Recovers Data from Crashed Rocket

2024-12-18

In Spring 2020, the MIT Rocket team launched rockets at the FAR site in the Mojave desert. A second-stage rocket crashed without deploying its parachutes, burying itself 3 meters underground. Despite significant damage to the avionics, the team successfully recovered data from a damaged flash chip. Using a salt solution to create temporary electrical contact, they were able to read the flash memory and determine the cause of the crash.

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(dontvacuum.me)
Tech rocket crash data recovery flash chip

Human Thought Speed: A Mere 10 Bits Per Second

2024-12-18
Human Thought Speed: A Mere 10 Bits Per Second

Caltech researchers have discovered that human thought processes are surprisingly slow, operating at a mere 10 bits per second—significantly slower than our sensory systems' billion bits per second input rate. This study presents a paradox: why is our thinking so slow? Researchers speculate this may stem from the evolution of our brains from simple navigational systems, processing information sequentially rather than in parallel. This finding challenges some science fiction concepts regarding brain-computer interfaces, suggesting even neural interfaces would be limited by our inherent 10-bit-per-second processing speed.

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(www.caltech.edu)
AI human thought information processing

ISO 8583: The Secret Language of Credit Cards

2024-12-18
ISO 8583: The Secret Language of Credit Cards

Every time you tap your card or pay online, you're interacting with the ISO 8583 protocol. This 1987 standard defines the format of real-time transaction messages between banking networks. It includes core fields like message type indicators, bitmaps, and data elements, but networks vary in their extensions and serialization, leading to compatibility challenges. This article delves into the complexities of ISO 8583's structure, field encoding, nested message handling, and demonstrates building a robust ISO 8583 parser to handle network variations and error scenarios.

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(increase.com)
Development credit card payments data parsing
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