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MileSan: RTL Sanitizer Uncovers 19 New CPU Vulnerabilities

2025-09-09

Researchers introduce MileSan, an RTL sanitizer that detects arbitrary exploitable information leakage by comparing architectural and microarchitectural information flows. Paired with the RandOS fuzzer, MileSan found 19 new vulnerabilities (13 assigned CVEs) across 5 RISC-V CPUs. Addressing the overfitting issues of existing fuzzers, MileSan offers a novel approach to enhancing CPU security by identifying exploitable microarchitectural leakage without assumptions about the leakage path or triggering programs.

(comsec.ethz.ch)

Hardware information leakage microarchitectural security

The Cyclic Identity for Partial Derivatives: Unraveling the Mystery of -1

2024-12-16

$The Cyclic Identity for Partial Derivatives: Unraveling the Mystery of -1$

This article explores the cyclic identity for partial derivatives: ∂z/∂x * ∂x/∂y * ∂y/∂z = -1, rather than the intuitive 1. Through examples and various proof methods, including differential forms and geometric interpretations, the article reveals the mathematical principles behind this seemingly counterintuitive identity. The author also discusses its applications in physics and offers intuitive explanations.

(johncarlosbaez.wordpress.com)

Misc partial derivatives differential forms mathematical physics

Programmer Tackles Advent of Code 2024 on OS/2 Warp 4 with Java 1.0.1

2024-12-26

A programmer took on the Advent of Code 2024 challenge using Java 1.0.1 on a 1996 IBM OS/2 Warp 4 system. This wasn't just a coding challenge; it was a retro journey pushing the limits of outdated hardware and software. The article details the challenges encountered, including bugs in Java 1.0.1, performance bottlenecks, and limitations of the old system, and how these were overcome. This showcases not only coding prowess but also the charm of early computing technology and the programmer's perseverance.

(www.uninformativ.de)

Development

SAT Solver Etudes I: A Deep Dive into Boolean Satisfiability

2025-01-08

This blog post explores the fascinating world of SAT solvers, tracing their evolution from simple brute-force approaches to sophisticated algorithms like Davis-Putnam and Conflict-Driven Clause Learning (CDCL). It compares different techniques, highlighting recent advancements such as congruence closure, clausal equivalence sweeping, and bounded variable addition that have dramatically improved performance. The author provides Python code examples illustrating brute-force, Davis-Putnam-based, and given-clause-loop solvers. The post also touches upon partial evaluation techniques and future research directions, making it a compelling read for anyone interested in the intricacies of Boolean satisfiability.

(www.philipzucker.com)

AI SAT solver

Stoffel VM: A Virtual Machine Optimized for Multi-Party Computation

2025-03-27

Stoffel VM: A Virtual Machine Optimized for Multi-Party Computation

Stoffel Virtual Machine is a work-in-progress virtual machine designed for optimizing multi-party computation (MPC). Currently, it boasts basic functionality, supporting various data types (integers, booleans, strings, objects, arrays, etc.) and a rich instruction set including arithmetic, bitwise operations, control flow, and function calls. It also supports Rust FFI for easy integration of high-performance features. Future plans include adding MPC support and garbage collection.

(github.com)

Development multi-party computation

Make Software Development Feel Like a Blockbuster

2025-09-16

Tired of mundane software development? This article argues that many everyday development problems are actually full of challenges, just like the thrilling plot of a movie. For example, slow CI/CD, too many database connections, memory leaks, poor code readability, high latency, and slow database batch imports are all waiting for us to solve. The author encourages developers to actively face these "villains," treating them as challenges to overcome, making daily work fun and rewarding. Even if you can't solve all the problems at work, you can practice them in personal projects, creating your own "exciting story."

(iaziz786.com)

Development

Polish City Uses Mussels to Monitor Water Quality

2025-02-03

The Dębiec Water Treatment Plant in Poznań, Poland, has implemented a novel water quality monitoring system using the natural intelligence of mussels. Highly sensitive to pollutants, mussels close their shells when water quality deteriorates. The system integrates mussels with sensors and a computer network; if four or more mussels close simultaneously, the system automatically shuts down, signaling pollution. This AquaNES project, supported by the European Union, showcases the integration of nature-based elements into water management and highlights the symbiotic relationship between humans and nature.

(www.awa.asn.au)

Tech water quality monitoring biosensors

Embeddings: The Future of Technical Writing?

2025-05-12

This article explores how embedding technology could revolutionize technical writing. Unlike text generation models, embedding technology compares the semantic similarity of texts by converting them into high-dimensional vectors (embeddings). The article explains how embeddings are generated, their cost, and the differences between different models, using the Voyage-3 model as an example to illustrate its advantages in handling large texts. The author uses the analogy of map coordinates to explain how embeddings are represented in high-dimensional space and, using Word2vec as an example, demonstrates the ability of embedding technology to capture semantic relationships. Finally, the article introduces the application of embedding technology in recommending related pages on documentation websites and looks ahead to its enormous potential in technical writing.

(technicalwriting.dev)

Development embedding technology

Steam Beta Simplifies Linux Gaming: Proton Enabled by Default

2025-06-19

Steam Beta Simplifies Linux Gaming: Proton Enabled by Default

A recent Steam Beta client update simplifies Linux gaming by changing how Proton is enabled. Proton, Steam's compatibility layer for running Windows games on Linux, previously required manually enabling the "for all other titles" option. This option has been removed, and Proton is now enabled by default in the Steam Beta. This streamlined process eliminates a common source of frustration for Linux gamers. The change doesn't force Proton on every game, nor does it override native Linux titles.

(www.gamingonlinux.com)

Game

Legion Health: AI-Powered Mental Healthcare – Hiring Top-Tier Engineers

2025-03-11

Legion Health: AI-Powered Mental Healthcare – Hiring Top-Tier Engineers

YC-backed Legion Health is hiring top-tier AI engineers to build an AI-driven mental healthcare system. Focusing on operational efficiency rather than AI diagnostics, they're optimizing telepsychiatry through AI. Engineers will work on LLM workflow optimization, improving AI models for scheduling, risk assessment, and revenue cycle automation, refining feedback loops, and implementing reinforcement learning. Ideal candidates have 3+ years of AI/ML engineering experience, strong Python and ML skills (LLMs, NLP, PyTorch/TensorFlow), and an interest in AI for healthcare.

(www.ycombinator.com)

AI

Emacs on macOS: Unraveling a Memory Leak Mystery

2025-07-31

The author has long struggled with performance issues in Emacs on macOS: ever-increasing memory usage, eventually leading to freezes. After investigation, the root cause was found to be in the way `[NSApp run]` is invoked, resulting in massive memory allocation and deallocation, especially pronounced on high-performance hardware and high-DPI displays. The interaction between macOS's event handling and Emacs' efficient resource management leads to caching of useless resources, culminating in memory leaks. While a complete fix is difficult, the author proposes a potential solution: rewriting macOS-specific code in Swift, leveraging its more efficient memory management and asynchronous support to improve Emacs' performance on macOS.

(xlii.space)

Development

34 Ingenious Paper Mechanisms: A Showcase of Folding Engineering

2025-05-18

This article showcases 34 remarkable paper mechanisms, ranging from simple animated folds to complex rotating contraptions. These designs demonstrate the boundless possibilities of paper engineering, combining artistic aesthetics with intricate mechanical principles and folding techniques. Highlights include a Miura-fold inspired deployable solar panel and various geometrically driven dynamic structures, showcasing the intersection of art and engineering in paper design.

(cutfoldtemplates.com)

Design paper engineering mechanisms

Building a Self-Improving AI Code Factory

2025-07-02

Building a Self-Improving AI Code Factory

This article details the author's experience building a personal AI code factory using Claude, o3, and Sonnet AI models. The core principle is "fix inputs, not outputs": instead of directly patching generated code, the author adjusts plans, prompts, or agent combinations. The factory iteratively improves through planning (o3), execution (Sonnet), and verification (o3 and Sonnet), using Git worktrees for parallel development. The author shares scaling strategies, such as creating specialized agents and enforcing consistent code style. The ultimate goal is an AI system that autonomously generates, verifies, and improves its own code.

(www.john-rush.com)

Development

C.O.R.E: Your Private, Shareable Memory for LLMs

2025-07-02

C.O.R.E: Your Private, Shareable Memory for LLMs

C.O.R.E is a shareable memory for LLMs that's private, portable, and 100% user-owned. Run it locally or use the hosted version, connecting with tools like Cursor and Claude to share context across multiple platforms. Built to provide complete ownership of your memory and to enhance AI assistant responses with personalized context, facts, and preferences. Llama model support is under active development.

(github.com)

AI Memory

Hollywood Director Arrested for Allegedly Defrauding Netflix of $11 Million

2025-03-22

Hollywood Director Arrested for Allegedly Defrauding Netflix of $11 Million

Hollywood filmmaker Carl Erik Rinsch was arrested and charged with defrauding Netflix out of $11 million. He was producing a sci-fi series, "Conquest," but allegedly misused the funds for cryptocurrency speculation, luxury hotels, and high-end cars. The director's erratic on-set behavior and subsequent divorce from his wife contributed to the unraveling of the project. Despite claiming Netflix owed him money after the show's cancellation, an arbitrator ruled against him, ordering him to repay $11.8 million.

(www.npr.org)

Misc

Running a Neural Network on a Calculator: A 56-Hour Train Journey

2025-01-04

Running a Neural Network on a Calculator: A 56-Hour Train Journey

A computer science PhD challenged himself to port a convolutional neural network (CNN) to a TI-84 Plus CE graphing calculator during a 56-hour train ride. Overcoming significant hardware limitations, including scarce memory and the lack of native floating-point operations, he successfully trained and ran the network to identify handwritten digits. While slow, the accomplishment demonstrates the feasibility of running AI on severely resource-constrained devices, showcasing ingenious memory management and algorithmic optimizations.

(z80.me)

Hardware neural network

Apple Shut Out of Google Antitrust Hearing, Facing Multi-Billion Dollar Loss

2025-03-26

Apple Shut Out of Google Antitrust Hearing, Facing Multi-Billion Dollar Loss

Apple's attempt to salvage its lucrative search deal with Google has been dealt a blow. A new ruling from the DC Circuit Court of Appeals confirms Apple's exclusion from Google's upcoming antitrust hearing, potentially leaving a multi-billion dollar hole in Apple's balance sheet. Judges cited Apple's late entry into the case. Apple and Google's interests are strongly aligned, with a $20 billion annual deal at stake. Google pays this to be the default search engine in Safari. Government antitrust penalties would make this deal impermissible. The court deemed Apple too slow in choosing sides, filing to participate in the remedy phase 33 days after the initial proposal. While Apple can submit written testimony and amicus briefs, it can't present evidence or cross-examine witnesses.

(arstechnica.com)

Tech

Physicists Measure Quantum Geometry for the First Time

2024-12-24

Physicists Measure Quantum Geometry for the First Time

MIT physicists have, for the first time, measured the quantum geometry of electrons in solids. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), they overcame a long-standing challenge of directly measuring the geometry of quantum wave functions. This breakthrough opens new avenues for understanding and manipulating the quantum properties of materials, with potential applications in quantum computing and advanced electronics. The team's success involved international collaborations and innovative experimental design, navigating challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic.

(phys.org)

Physics quantum geometry quantum materials

Mysterious Microbial Structures Discovered in Namibian Desert

2025-03-23

Researchers have unearthed unusual structures in the desert regions of Namibia, Oman, and Saudi Arabia, likely the work of an unknown microbiological life form. Tiny, parallel tubes running through marble and limestone were discovered, defying typical geological processes. Evidence of biological material suggests microorganisms bored these tunnels, possibly to access nutrients. The organism remains a mystery, its existence possibly extinct or hidden, and could be significant for the global carbon cycle. This discovery highlights the potential for unknown life forms to shape geological processes and impact Earth's carbon balance.

(www.sciencedaily.com)

Tech microbiology desert

GitSyncPad: One-Button Git Command Micro Keypad

2025-03-04

GitSyncPad: One-Button Git Command Micro Keypad

GitSyncPad is an innovative micro keypad designed for effortless Git version control. Execute commands like git add, git commit, and git push with a single button press. No software installation is required; simply connect it to your computer via USB and press the button to effortlessly execute Git commands. Only 10 units available!

(www.gitsyncpad.xyz)

Development micro keypad

HelixDB: Blazing Fast Graph-Vector Database for RAG and AI

2025-05-13

HelixDB: Blazing Fast Graph-Vector Database for RAG and AI

HelixDB is a Rust-based, open-source graph-vector database built for Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) and AI applications. Leveraging LMDB for storage, it boasts impressive speed, claiming to be 1000x faster than Neo4j and 100x faster than TigerGraph, while matching Qdrant's performance for vectors. It natively supports graph and vector data types, ensures ACID compliance, and offers a user-friendly CLI and SDKs (TypeScript and Python). The team is currently focused on expanding vector capabilities, enhancing the query language, and building a comprehensive test suite. Long-term plans include developing an in-house storage engine and networking protocols.

(github.com)

Development

Nanosensors Detect Pancreatic Cancer in Blood Tests

2025-02-13

Nanosensors Detect Pancreatic Cancer in Blood Tests

Researchers have developed a groundbreaking blood test using nanosensors to detect pancreatic cancer early. The test focuses on identifying active proteases, enzymes present even in the earliest stages of tumors. In a study of 356 individuals, the nanosensors achieved 98% accuracy in identifying healthy individuals and 73% accuracy in detecting pancreatic cancer, distinguishing it from other pancreatic diseases. This advance holds immense promise for improving early detection and treatment of pancreatic cancer, offering a lifeline to millions.

(www.nature.com)

Tech nanosensors pancreatic cancer early detection

The Fundamental Flaw of Programming Languages: The Data vs. Object Debate

2025-08-21

The Fundamental Flaw of Programming Languages: The Data vs. Object Debate

The author argues that existing programming languages have a fundamental flaw in how they handle data and objects. They point out that languages need to distinguish between data (e.g., the integer 1) and objects (entities with identity and mutability). Many languages fail to clearly differentiate between the two, leading to code bloat and design challenges. The author believes ideal languages should allow developers to explicitly choose data or object representations and provide appropriate support. The article uses Java and Haskell as examples to contrast object-oriented and functional languages' approaches to data and objects, analyzing Erlang's advantages in this regard. The conclusion advocates for clearer distinctions between data and objects in programming language design to improve efficiency and code quality.

(www.tedinski.com)

Development objects

Shopify's Epic React Native New Architecture Migration

2025-09-16

Shopify successfully migrated its massive Shopify Mobile and Shopify POS apps to React Native's New Architecture while maintaining weekly releases and serving millions of merchants. This involved a complex codebase, hundreds of screens and native modules, extensive custom components, and deep integration with first-party libraries like FlashList. The post details their migration strategy, key decisions, and lessons learned, including maintaining development velocity, dual architecture compatibility, and performance/stability parity. Common migration issues like state batching, blank screens, shadow tree manipulation, and view flattening are addressed. The migration resulted in improved app launch times and valuable contributions back to the React Native community.

(shopify.engineering)

Development New Architecture App Migration

CSS Color 4's oklch(): A Game Changer for Design Systems

2025-02-17

CSS Color 4's oklch(): A Game Changer for Design Systems

CSS Color Module 4 introduces oklch(), a new color notation defining colors using perceived lightness (L), chroma (C), and hue (H), optionally with alpha (a). This solves hsl()'s inconsistent lightness, making color manipulation and palette generation more predictable and improving accessibility. oklch() supports wide-gamut P3 colors, unlocking richer color possibilities on modern displays. While the oklch() ecosystem is still nascent, its advantages in code readability and color manipulation make it a strong contender for the future of CSS color.

(evilmartians.com)

Development Color Specification

Betting on the Pope: A 500-Year History of Papal Prediction Markets

2025-03-07

Betting on the Pope: A 500-Year History of Papal Prediction Markets

This article explores the complex, 500-year relationship between papal elections and gambling. From the 16th century Papal States, bets were placed on papal deaths and elections, even involving insider trading. Pope Gregory XIV issued a bull banning such practices, but with limited success. The ban was overturned in 1918. Today, prediction markets are resurfacing, allowing bets on the Pope's health and succession, sparking discussions about their societal impact, especially regarding information asymmetry and potential manipulation.

(nodumbideas.com)

Misc Papal election Prediction markets

Sorting Fractions Under Uncertainty & Estimating the Number of Buses: Bayesian vs. Likelihood Approaches

2025-08-18

This article tackles two statistical problems: sorting fractions under uncertainty and estimating the number of buses based on limited observations. For fraction sorting, Bayesian (using Beta distribution) and likelihood approaches are presented and demonstrated in R. For bus estimation, a probability density function based on the multinomial distribution is constructed, and a likelihood approach is used to derive a confidence interval for the number of buses. Both problems cleverly combine statistical modeling and computational methods, showcasing the flexibility and practicality of statistical inference.

(emiruz.com)

Development Bayesian methods likelihood methods statistical modeling

Deduce: An Educational Functional Program Proof Checker

2025-03-24

Deduce is an automated proof checker designed for education, helping students learn to prove the correctness of functional programs, deepen their understanding of logic, and improve their mathematical proof-writing skills. It's aimed at students with basic programming skills (Java, Python, or C++) and some exposure to logic from a discrete mathematics course. Deduce provides resources ranging from installation and code writing to a reference manual and cheat sheet, with an example proof of a linear search algorithm to illustrate its use.

(jsiek.github.io)

Development program verification educational tool

MIT Researchers Discover the Tipping Point of Pedestrian Flow

2025-03-24

MIT Researchers Discover the Tipping Point of Pedestrian Flow

MIT researchers have discovered a critical parameter determining the transition from ordered to disordered pedestrian flow: "angular spread." When pedestrians deviate from straight paths by more than 13 degrees, the crowd flow becomes chaotic and inefficient. This research, combining mathematical modeling and experiments, offers valuable insights for public space design, promoting safer and more efficient pedestrian traffic. The findings, validated through experiments tracking volunteers navigating a simulated crosswalk, provide a quantifiable metric for predicting lane formation and potential congestion.

(news.mit.edu)

Tech pedestrian dynamics crowd flow public space design

IncludeOS: Run Applications in the Cloud with Zero Overhead

2024-12-17

IncludeOS is a lightweight operating system that lets you run your application in the cloud without a traditional OS. It integrates OS functionality directly into your application, creating high-performance, secure, and resource-efficient virtual machines. IncludeOS applications boot in tens of milliseconds and require only a few megabytes of disk and memory. Simple command-line tools facilitate building and deployment, and ample examples and documentation help developers get started quickly.

(www.includeos.org)

Development lightweight OS cloud computing virtual machines

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