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Japanese Firms Demo Unforgeable Quantum Tokens

2024-12-25

In response to the challenges posed by quantum computing to traditional encryption methods, Mitsui, NEC, and Quantinuum in Japan successfully demonstrated the technology of transmitting and redeeming quantum tokens over a 10-kilometer fiber optic network. This technology leverages quantum key distribution (QKD), exploiting the fragility of quantum data to achieve unforgeability, single-use properties, and local validation of tokens, offering a novel secure solution for financial transactions and asset management. This breakthrough marks a significant step towards commercial applications of quantum token technology.

(spectrum.ieee.org)

Tech quantum tokens quantum key distribution

Coccinelle: A Powerful Tool for Linux Kernel Development

2024-12-26

Coccinelle is a powerful tool for Linux kernel development, used for pattern matching and text transformation. It enables the application of complex, tree-wide patches and detects problematic coding patterns. This document details Coccinelle's installation, usage, various modes (patch, report, context, org), and advanced features such as parallelization, using a single semantic patch, controlling processed files, debugging, and .cocciconfig support. Coccinelle leverages Semantic Patch Language (SmPL) and offers multiple modes for generating patches, reports, context information, and Org-mode reports, catering to diverse needs.

(docs.kernel.org)

Development

Revolutionary Robot Simulator Genesis Unveiled: 430,000 Times Faster Training

2024-12-23

Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have unveiled Genesis, an open-source robot simulation system that trains robots 430,000 times faster than real-world training. Genesis leverages graphics cards to run up to 100,000 simulations concurrently, drastically reducing the time needed for robots to learn complex tasks like object manipulation, walking, and tool use. Furthermore, the team is developing an AI agent capable of generating 3D physics simulations from text prompts, simplifying environment creation and reducing costs. Written in Python and open-sourced, Genesis represents a significant leap forward in robotics research, democratizing access to high-speed simulation.

(arstechnica.com)

AI robot simulation

Operational PGP: A Guide to Secure Email Communication

2024-12-24

This guide isn't about installing or using PGP; it's about using it securely. It emphasizes operational security beyond just encrypting email content, covering email composition, storage, key management, and more. It recommends composing emails in a text editor, avoiding saving drafts in email clients; generating and destroying keys frequently; avoiding publishing keys to keyservers; keeping email subjects blank to minimize metadata leakage; using the `gpg --throw-keys` option during encryption; enabling encryption by default and explicitly choosing whether to sign emails. The goal is maximizing PGP's security potential.

(gist.github.com)

Development Email Security Key Management

Postgres Reads Causing Writes: MVCC, Page Pruning, and Hint Bits

2024-12-25

This article delves into the seemingly paradoxical behavior in PostgreSQL where simple SELECT queries can trigger data writes. Starting with the Multi-Version Concurrency Control (MVCC) mechanism, it explains concepts like row versions, pages, and tuples. Through code examples, it analyzes how hint bit updates and page pruning cause read operations to modify pages, ultimately leading to disk writes. The article also discusses the HOT update optimization strategy and uses page inspection tools to illustrate how data is stored and updated within pages.

(jesipow.com)

Development Database Performance

A Programmer's First Foray into Assembly: Optimizing a Lexer with Bit Vectors

2024-12-25

After reading "Writing an Interpreter in Go," a programmer attempted a rewrite in Zig and Rust, focusing on optimizing lexer performance. He explored several methods: branching, lookup tables, and bit vectors. Bit vectors compress state representation by mapping ASCII characters to bits, reducing memory usage and improving lookup efficiency. While an attempt to utilize SIMD instructions failed, he successfully implemented bit vectors in Zig and achieved good results in benchmarks, gaining valuable experience in assembly programming and performance optimization.

(blog.smidt.dev)

Development assembly language bit vectors

Sipeed NanoKVM-PCIe: A Budget-Friendly KVM over IP Solution

2024-12-24

Sipeed has launched the NanoKVM-PCIe, a low-cost KVM over IP solution with optional WiFi 6 and PoE support. Based on the SOPHGO SG2002 SoC, it features multiple interfaces, including Ethernet, USB-C, and HDMI, supporting 1080p60 video output. The device supports UEFI/BIOS control, emulated USB keyboard/mouse, IPMI, and more, with a web frontend for management. NanoKVM-PCIe can be powered via PCIe slot or USB-C, and is priced between $55 and $70.

(www.cnx-software.com)

Hardware Embedded System

Engineer Builds Camera That Ignores Perspective, Sees Through Walls

2024-12-25

Shane Wighton, the creator of the YouTube channel Stuff Made Here, has engineered an incredible camera that defies perspective and can even see through walls. Instead of a traditional lens, this camera uses a sophisticated mechanical system to scan a scene one pixel at a time, building a complete image. By utilizing a spinning gantry and a precisely controlled mirror, the camera moves in 3D space, capturing multiple views to reconstruct the final image. This allows it to create images without perspective, achieve reverse perspective, and even see around objects, showcasing an astonishing feat of engineering and imaging technology.

(petapixel.com)

Tech camera technology perspective imaging

MLC-LLM: Bringing Competitive LLM Inference to AMD GPUs

2024-12-24

NVIDIA GPUs have long dominated the Large Language Model (LLM) inference landscape. However, the MLC-LLM project leverages machine learning compilation to successfully deploy LLMs onto AMD GPUs, achieving impressive results. Using ROCm and Vulkan, the AMD Radeon RX 7900 XTX reaches 80% of the speed of the NVIDIA RTX 4090 and 94% of the RTX 3090 Ti for Llama2-7B/13B inference. This significantly enhances AMD GPU competitiveness and broadens LLM deployment options, extending to AMD APUs like those found in the Steam Deck. Future developments for MLC-LLM include optimizations for batching, multi-GPU support, expanded quantization and model architectures, and further bridging the performance gap with NVIDIA, ultimately addressing AI compute limitations.

(blog.mlc.ai)

AI AMD GPUs Machine Learning Compilation

Automating the Search for Artificial Life with Foundation Models

2024-12-24

Sakana AI, in collaboration with MIT and others, has developed ASAL, an algorithm using vision-language foundation models to automate the discovery of artificial life. ASAL tackles three search problems: finding simulations with specific target behaviors, discovering simulations generating perpetual novelty, and illuminating all possible simulations. Successfully applied to Lenia, Boids, Particle Life, and others, ASAL unearthed novel artificial lifeforms and cellular automata rules surpassing Conway's Game of Life in open-endedness. This breakthrough promises to revitalize ALife research by overcoming the limitations of manual simulation design and offers insights for future AI development, incorporating principles of open-endedness and self-organization.

(sakana.ai)

AI Artificial Life Foundation Models Automated Search

Threads of God: Sardinia's Rarest Pasta

2024-12-24

Su filindeu, literally "Threads of God," is arguably the world's rarest pasta. Made only twice a year by three women in Sardinia, this intricate pasta requires a 20-mile pilgrimage for devotees to partake in the biannual Feast of San Francesco. The simple ingredients—semolina, water, and salt—belied by an impossibly complex creation process that has baffled even Barilla engineers and celebrity chef Jamie Oliver. The resulting delicate strands, served in a mutton broth with pecorino cheese, represent more than just a culinary delicacy; they are a testament to a 200-year-old tradition and a unique cultural symbol of Sardinia.

(www.atlasobscura.com)

Misc Food Culture Pasta

Giant Sloths and Mastodons Coexisted with Humans in the Americas for Millennia

2024-12-25

New archaeological discoveries challenge the long-held theory that humans arriving in the Americas quickly wiped out megafauna. Findings from sites in Brazil, Uruguay, and New Mexico—including modified giant sloth bones dating back 27,000 years, human footprints, and other artifacts—suggest a much longer period of coexistence between humans and megafauna such as giant ground sloths and mastodons. These discoveries challenge the previously accepted Clovis culture as representing the earliest human settlement in the Americas. The research paints a more nuanced picture of early human-megafauna interactions, indicating a complex relationship beyond simple hunting and extinction.

(phys.org)

Misc prehistoric humans megafauna archaeological discoveries

Mike the Headless Chicken: An 18-Month Miracle

2024-12-24

In 1945, a Wyandotte rooster named Mike miraculously survived for 18 months after being beheaded. The axe missed the jugular vein, leaving most of his brainstem intact, allowing him to maintain basic life functions. Though he could only gurgle and walk unsteadily, Mike's unusual survival made him a sideshow sensation, touring with other oddities. He tragically choked to death in 1947. Today, Fruita, Colorado celebrates Mike with an annual "Mike the Headless Chicken Day."

(en.wikipedia.org)

Misc headless chicken miracle survival

Demystifying Debuggers: Anatomy of a Running Program

2024-12-24

This article delves into the low-level mechanics of a running program. Using the analogy of a video game cartridge on an NES, it explains how modern operating systems virtualize program execution. Key concepts like virtual address spaces, threads of execution, executable images, loaders, modules, and processes are detailed. The article explains how virtual address spaces, via page tables, map virtual addresses to physical addresses, allowing multiple programs to share physical memory without interference. It also covers thread scheduling, executable image formats (PE and ELF), the loader's role, and dynamic module loading/unloading. Finally, it summarizes the concept of a process, which integrates threads, modules, and virtual address spaces.

(www.rfleury.com)

Development debugger program execution

Npflared: A Free, Self-Hostable Private npm Registry

2024-12-24

Npflared is a free and open-source, self-hostable private npm registry built on Cloudflare's Worker, D1, and R2 services, allowing you to host it for free. Fully compatible with existing npm clients, Npflared provides a secure way for you and your team to manage private npm packages. Get the benefits of a full-fledged private registry with ease and enhance your development workflow.

(npflared.thomas-cogez.fr)

Development private registry

Ruby 3.4.0 Released: Performance Boost and Language Enhancements

2024-12-25

Ruby 3.4.0 is here with exciting updates! Language-wise, it introduces a new syntax for referencing block parameters, improves string literals, keyword splatting, and index assignments, and enhances exception handling. Core classes like Array, Hash, IO::Buffer, Integer, and String have been optimized with new methods added. YJIT has received significant improvements, boosting performance and memory efficiency. The standard library is also updated, including a 1.5x speedup in JSON parsing. This release enhances support for multi-core processors and improves garbage collection efficiency.

(docs.ruby-lang.org)

Development Performance improvements

Genius and Rebellion: The Rise and Fall of Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory

2024-12-24

William Shockley, a brilliant but irascible physicist, is renowned for his invention of the transistor. His Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory brought together many of Silicon Valley's early luminaries. However, Shockley's arrogance and poor management style led to the departure of the "traitorous eight," who founded Fairchild Semiconductor, marking the beginning of a Silicon Valley legend. While Shockley Semiconductor was eventually acquired, its historical significance remains undeniable; it not only nurtured transistor technology but also gave birth to the flourishing modern semiconductor industry.

(www.abortretry.fail)

Tech transistor Silicon Valley Shockley

International Rescue! The Epic Quest to Save a 43-Inch Sony CRT TV

2024-12-23

YouTube creator Shank Mods embarked on an epic rescue mission to save a mythical 43-inch Sony KX-45ED1 CRT television. This behemoth, weighing 440 pounds and released in 1989 for a staggering $40,000 (over $100,000 today), was thought to be a mere legend. Following a lead from a photo in a Japanese soba restaurant, Shank coordinated an international effort, overcoming numerous logistical hurdles to transport the TV to the US. The restoration process, detailed in a recent YouTube video, was equally challenging, showcasing the dedication of a global community of retro tech enthusiasts.

(obsoletesony.substack.com)

Tech CRT TV Sony Tech History

Alibaba Unveils QvQ: A New Visual Reasoning Model

2024-12-25

Alibaba recently released QvQ-72B-Preview, a new visual reasoning model under the Apache 2.0 license. Designed to enhance AI's visual reasoning capabilities, QvQ builds upon the inference-scaling model QwQ by adding vision processing. It accepts images and prompts, generating detailed, step-by-step reasoning processes. Blogger Simon Willison tested QvQ, finding it successful in tasks like counting pelicans but less accurate on complex reasoning problems. Currently available on Hugging Face Spaces, future plans include local deployment and broader platform support.

(simonwillison.net)

AI visual reasoning AI model

EgyptAir Flight 804 Crash: The Untold Story

2024-12-24

On May 19, 2016, EgyptAir Flight 804 vanished from radar over the Mediterranean Sea. For eight years, the investigation was stalled, with conflicting reports from Egypt and France – one blaming a deliberate explosion, the other an accidental fire. In October 2024, Egypt unexpectedly released a 663-page final report, including both sides' findings. This article unravels the timeline, analyzes the reports, and reveals the most likely cause: a malfunction in the first officer's oxygen mask system ignited a fire, leading to the crash. This tragedy highlights aviation safety concerns and exposes the many ambiguities of the investigation.

(admiralcloudberg.medium.com)

Tech EgyptAir 804 Air Crash Investigation Aviation Safety

Link Rot Investigation: Personal Blogs Face High Risk

2024-12-24

Blogger Wouter Groeneveld conducted a link rot investigation on his blog, Brain Baking. He checked 3179 external links across 453 posts, discovering approximately 7% were broken, with 404 and 403 errors being the most prevalent. Broken links stemmed primarily from personal blogs, followed by corporate sites and other resources. The findings highlight the lower stability of links on personal websites and a high link rot rate in academic papers. The blogger recommends website builders use permalinks, linkers carefully choose their targets, and consider local storage for external resources.

(brainbaking.com)

Misc link rot

Server Reboot Failure: Cool-Down Reboot Solves Kernel Crash

2024-12-25

The author encountered two identical servers experiencing kernel crashes that couldn't be resolved by a simple reboot. During the crash, the servers printed a series of machine check exception errors during the system firmware stage, pointing to CPU hardware issues. A cool-down period of a few minutes after powering off, followed by a reboot, resolved the problem. This demonstrates that even a brief power interruption may not fully reset certain x86 system components, requiring a cool-down period for complete recovery.

(utcc.utoronto.ca)

Tech server failure kernel crash hardware issue

Suprnova Founder: From Torrent Empire to YouTube Megachannel

2024-12-24

Twenty years ago, the torrenting world was rocked by the sudden shutdown of Suprnova.org. Its founder, Andrej Preston (aka Sloncek), recently spoke to TorrentFreak, recounting his journey from a 15-year-old building a torrenting empire to shutting it down amidst copyright concerns, and ultimately transitioning to YouTube, where he built "The Infographics Show," boasting over 14 million subscribers. He admits his younger self was naive regarding copyright and business, but he's proud of Suprnova's scale and the person it shaped him into. This experience instilled valuable project management and content creation skills, leading to his YouTube success. He also offers insightful perspectives on copyright, online entertainment, and the future impact of AI-generated content.

(torrentfreak.com)

Misc Torrent

Jujutsu VCS: Streamlining Code Merges and Branch Management

2024-12-25

This article presents a highly efficient workflow for managing code merges and branches using the Jujutsu version control system. The author introduces a 'megamerge' approach: create a merge commit as a working area, and then use `jj squash` to integrate changes into the appropriate parent commits upon completion of each task. Further streamlining is achieved with the `jj absorb` command, which automates this integration process. This workflow allows developers to seamlessly manage multiple parallel streams of work, significantly boosting efficiency, particularly when tackling large, long-running upgrades. The author contrasts this with the complexities of achieving the same results with Git.

(v5.chriskrycho.com)

Development Code Merge

Earth's Subsurface May Hold Vast Reserves of Natural Hydrogen

2024-12-25

Two geologists from the U.S. Geological Survey have developed a model suggesting Earth's subsurface may contain up to 5.6 × 10⁶ million metric tons of natural hydrogen. The model incorporates factors like natural production rates, reservoir amounts, and leakage from hydrogen-bearing rocks. While most of this hydrogen is likely inaccessible, the researchers highlight that harvesting just 2% could meet humanity's energy needs for roughly two centuries, offering a potential game-changer for clean energy.

(phys.org)

Tech natural hydrogen geological model clean energy

Efficient Fine-tuning: A Deep Dive into LoRA (Part 1)

2024-12-25

Fine-tuning large language models typically requires substantial computational resources. This article introduces LoRA, a parameter-efficient fine-tuning technique. LoRA significantly reduces the number of parameters needing training by inserting low-rank matrices as adapters into a pre-trained model, thus lowering computational and storage costs. This first part explains the principles behind LoRA, including the shortcomings of traditional fine-tuning, the advantages of parameter-efficient methods, and the mathematical basis of low-rank approximation. Subsequent parts will delve into the specific implementation and application of LoRA.

(medium.com)

AI Parameter-Efficient Fine-tuning

Cerebrum: A New Framework for Simulating Brain Networks

2024-12-24

A groundbreaking new framework, Cerebrum, combines biologically-inspired Hodgkin-Huxley neuron models with graph neural networks to simulate and infer synaptic connectivity in large-scale brain networks. Trained and evaluated on three canonical network topologies (Erdős-Rényi, small-world, and scale-free), Cerebrum demonstrated more accurate and robust connectivity inference with scale-free networks. Integrating empirical synaptic data from C. elegans and simulating disease effects (e.g., Parkinson's, epilepsy), Cerebrum is released as an open-source toolkit to foster collaboration and accelerate progress in computational neuroscience. This advancement promises to improve our understanding of brain networks and drive innovation in neuroscience and clinical practice.

(svbrain.xyz)

AI brain networks neural computation graph neural networks

Deep Dive into BSC Cryptocurrency Scams

2024-12-24

During the 2021 cryptocurrency bull market, the Binance Smart Chain (BSC) was flooded with various scams. The author analyzes multiple cases, exposing common tactics employed by scammers, including: creating smart contracts that make tokens unsaleable; manipulating approval functions to fail transactions or approve for minuscule amounts; setting adjustable transaction fees, eventually to 100%; falsely claiming ownership renunciation or liquidity locking; and using deceptive marketing. These scams preyed on the lack of knowledge among many new investors, successfully defrauding significant funds. The article concludes with a warning against seeking financial advice from social media platforms like Reddit.

(nyuu.page)

Tech BSC scams smart contract vulnerabilities

Physicists Measure Quantum Geometry for the First Time

2024-12-24

MIT physicists have, for the first time, measured the quantum geometry of electrons in solids. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), they overcame a long-standing challenge of directly measuring the geometry of quantum wave functions. This breakthrough opens new avenues for understanding and manipulating the quantum properties of materials, with potential applications in quantum computing and advanced electronics. The team's success involved international collaborations and innovative experimental design, navigating challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic.

(phys.org)

Physics quantum geometry quantum materials

Symbolic Execution by Overloading bool

2024-12-24

This article presents a clever technique for symbolic execution of Python code by overloading the __bool__ function in the Z3 Python library. The author leverages Z3's capabilities to translate Python conditional statements into Z3 expressions, enabling path exploration and result analysis. This approach bypasses complex AST traversal and allows direct use within Python code, simplifying symbolic execution.

(www.philipzucker.com)

Development symbolic execution __bool__ overloading

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