A user reports Backblaze continuously re-uploading a 1TB+ file, with log errors suggesting a 100,000 chunk limit (10MB each). This contradicts Backblaze's advertised unlimited storage. The user suspects a newly implemented limit, possibly even leading to deletion of existing backups. Support's response has been unhelpful, offering only standard troubleshooting steps.
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This article explores the concept of 'grid-aware websites,' which adjust website performance based on the percentage of renewable energy in the user's electricity grid to reduce carbon emissions. The author demonstrates grid-awareness implementation in 11ty and Astro frameworks using an e-commerce product display page example, detailing technical implementation, challenges, and future directions. The core idea is to dynamically adjust website functionality based on grid energy cleanliness, simplifying pages and reducing resource consumption on 'dirty' grids to lower the website's carbon footprint. While facing API cost and cross-stack collaboration challenges, this technology has the potential to become a significant tool for improving website sustainability.
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This post delves into the implementation of inline caching (IC) within the SpiderMonkey JavaScript engine. Unlike traditional caching, SpiderMonkey's IC is a self-modifying code technique. It inserts a series of stubs at call sites, dynamically selecting efficient execution paths based on input types. The first call executes a fallback path and generates corresponding stubs based on the result. Subsequent calls of the same type hit the cache, significantly improving efficiency. The article uses JavaScript addition as an example to explain how IC works, and mentions SpiderMonkey's latest CacheIR architecture, which abstracts the details of ICs to enable sharing between different compilers.
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From the tragic case of Phineas Gage to the rise of modern neuroscience, this article chronicles the ambitious quest to map the brain's connectome—a three-dimensional model of every physical connection between neurons. While mapping the connectomes of C. elegans and fruit flies has been successful, the complexity of mammalian brains presents immense challenges. Bay Area non-profit E11 Bio has developed a novel approach called "PRISM," utilizing expansion microscopy and protein barcoding to drastically reduce the cost and time required for connectome mapping. This technology promises to deliver a complete mouse connectome in five years for just $100 million, paving the way for revolutionary breakthroughs in treating neurological diseases, developing brain-computer interfaces, and even whole-brain emulation.
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Concurrent programming is notoriously complex due to the difficulty of enumerating all possible states. This article uses visualization to explain how to understand the mechanics of concurrent program execution. It begins by introducing the concept of program state, which is a combination of variable values and instruction location, and then demonstrates the transition process of program states and the generation of state space using a simple C-like program example. The article then introduces concurrent programs, and, using two concurrently executing programs, P and Q, it explains how to represent the state of a concurrent program and the construction of the state space. Finally, the article explores how to use the model checking tool SPIN and the LTL language to verify the correctness of concurrent programs, highlighting the important role of model checking in ensuring the correctness of concurrent programs.
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fui is a lightweight C library for interacting with the framebuffer directly within a tty context. It uses a layered drawing system, supporting pixel drawing, primitive shapes (lines, rectangles, circles), bitmap font rendering, keyboard and mouse event handling (via libevdev), and a basic ALSA-based sound system (currently sine waves and chords). The library is statically linked and includes examples and tests (using cmocka). A simple Asteroids game demonstrates the sound capabilities.
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Rerun 0.21 introduces a highly anticipated Graph view, along with drag-and-drop functionality and undo capabilities. The new view, built using GraphNodes and GraphEdges archetypes, visualizes various graph structures like ROS graphs and semantic scene graphs. This release also implements time-travel-based undo and features a new force-based graph layout engine, Fjädra, significantly enhancing user experience.
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Recent incidents of severed undersea cables in Europe, initially raising suspicions of Russian sabotage, are likely the result of maritime accidents, according to US and European intelligence officials. Investigations into several incidents over the past 18 months, involving ships suspected of dragging anchors across key undersea energy and communication lines, point towards accidental damage. While some anomalies exist and Russia has a history of mapping Western seabed infrastructure, current evidence suggests a lack of intentional action or Russian involvement. This conclusion contrasts with some who believe the incidents were part of a broader Russian hybrid warfare campaign.
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During Operation Tumbler-Snapper in 1952 at the Nevada Proving Ground, a 15-kiloton nuclear bomb codenamed "Fox" malfunctioned atop its 300-foot tower. Facing potential catastrophe, Dr. John C. Clark of the Atomic Energy Commission led a team on a harrowing climb to disarm the device. Without an elevator, they manually deactivated the bomb's firing system, showcasing the risks and bravery of Cold War nuclear testing and the expertise of those involved.
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DBOS Transact is a lightweight TypeScript library for durable execution, leveraging Postgres for persistence. This means your program can automatically resume from where it left off, even if interrupted or crashed. It solves common problems like orchestrating long-running workflows, running reliable background jobs, processing events exactly once, and building fault-tolerant distributed task queues. DBOS Transact is easy to use: install it and annotate your program with decorators. It requires no other dependencies and integrates seamlessly into any TypeScript application, like Next.js, without external dependencies beyond Postgres.
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This article traces the early development of the personal computer, showing it wasn't born in a corporate lab, but rather from the American radio hobbyist culture of the early 20th century. The efforts of figures like Hugo Gernsback fostered a culture of hands-on tinkering and futurism, laying the groundwork for the PC. Early amateur computer enthusiasts, such as Stephen Gray, attempted to build PCs but were hampered by the lack of key components like microprocessors. As integrated circuit technology improved, the first rudimentary home computer kits appeared, but their limited functionality prevented widespread success. It wasn't until MITS' Altair 8800, with its powerful Intel 8080 processor and expandability, ignited the PC market and marked the true birth of the personal computer industry.
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Volkswagen unveiled the ID. EVERY1, an ultra-cheap electric vehicle set to launch in 2027 with a starting price of €20,000. Significantly, the ID. EVERY1 will be the first VW vehicle to utilize Rivian's software and architecture, a result of a $5.8 billion joint venture between the two companies. This collaboration aims to reduce development costs and enhance VW's competitiveness in the EV market, while providing Rivian with crucial funding and business diversification. The ID. EVERY1 represents VW's push into a wider market segment, with a goal of becoming the world's leading high-volume electric vehicle manufacturer by 2030.
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This article explores the surprising connections between Finnish, a Uralic language, and the Indo-European family, particularly Germanic. Despite their separate origins, Finnish vocabulary contains a significant number of loanwords from Proto-Germanic, and even earlier pre-Proto-Germanic sources. By examining etymological links between Finnish words and their English/German counterparts, and analyzing sound changes, the author reveals a long and intense history of language contact between Finnish and Germanic languages, dating back to the Bronze Age. This challenges common perceptions of Finnish and demonstrates the power of historical linguistics to bridge linguistic divides.
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The Roto VR Explorer chair automatically rotates to match your head movements in VR, significantly enhancing comfort and immersion. By tracking a sensor on your headset, the chair synchronizes its rotation, mitigating motion sickness and improving comfort during extended VR sessions. A Pro version and add-ons are available for productivity, such as working with virtual monitors. While some lag and control issues exist, Roto VR's core concept is innovative, particularly excelling in relaxed VR experiences, showing immense potential for future development.
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Guid Smash is a website running an experiment to generate a GUID matching a specific target: 6e197264-d14b-44df-af98-39aac5681791. Despite the astronomically low probability of a collision (approximately 1 in 2^122), the site generates and compares GUIDs at a rate of 467,074 per second, aiming to demonstrate this improbability. As of now, billions of GUIDs have been checked without a match, vividly illustrating the uniqueness of GUIDs and the nature of probability in action.
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arXivLabs is a framework that lets collaborators develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Individuals and organizations working with arXivLabs embrace our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners who share them. Have an idea for a project that will benefit the arXiv community? Learn more about arXivLabs.
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OpenSPH is a versatile particle code library primarily used for astrophysical simulations. A new graphical application, SpaceSim, provides a more interactive and user-friendly interface for setting up and running simulations. Users can customize initial conditions and simulation steps using a node-based editor. Simulations range from planetary impacts and galactic mergers to black hole accretion disks. Windows installers, source code, and tutorials are available. Community feedback is encouraged via the Discord server.
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CERN, a powerhouse of scientific discovery, has a long history of open-source contributions. But how to measure its impact? CERN's Open Source Program Office (OSPO) has partnered with Software Heritage (SWH) to embark on a 12-month project. Using SWH's vast archive, they aim to track CERN-related software projects, analyze their evolution, and quantify their influence on the global open-source community. This research will not only illuminate CERN's open-source legacy but also provide a methodology for other organizations to measure their own contributions, offering valuable insights into the role of open source in scientific and technological advancement.
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egui is a lightweight and efficient immediate mode GUI (graphical user interface) library written in Rust. Its clean and simple API allows developers to rapidly build interactive interfaces. Unlike traditional retained-mode GUIs, egui redraws the entire UI every frame, leading to more flexible layouts and simpler state management. This makes it ideal for games, data visualization, and applications requiring high responsiveness. Its ease of use and powerful features make egui a compelling choice for Rust developers building GUIs.
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PLATO, a groundbreaking educational computer system from the 1960s, significantly impacted the development of modern computing. Preceding its time, it pioneered features like forums, instant messaging, and multiplayer games. Its innovative gas plasma display, the TUTOR authoring language, and its advanced networking capabilities for simultaneous users were revolutionary. While PLATO's home market success was limited, its influence on graphic displays, networking, and user interfaces remains undeniable. Its legacy continues through emulators and modern reimaginings, preserving a piece of computing history and its vision for the future of education and interactive technology.
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This article explores optimizing the performance of counting even numbers in a uint8_t array in C++. By comparing two approaches—using `std::count_if` and a custom counting function—the author demonstrates that the custom function, leveraging the constraint that the number of even values is between 0 and 255, significantly improves performance, achieving up to a 9.5x speedup in tests. The article analyzes the assembly code generated by both methods, explaining the performance difference, and mentions a vectorization issue in specific GCC versions.
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In a major crackdown on cross-border telecom scams, the Thai government has cut off electricity, internet, and gas supplies to several towns along its border with Myanmar. These areas are known to house numerous scam factories where victims are coerced into running investment and romance scams, generating billions of dollars annually. The move is driven by national security concerns and the significant economic damage caused by these scams. Thailand's Deputy Prime Minister personally oversaw the power cuts, citing a clause in the energy supply contract. The recent discovery of a missing Chinese actor in the area highlights the severity of the problem. While Myanmar has also repatriated thousands of forced workers, Thailand's actions demonstrate a strong stance against cybercrime and human trafficking, though the impact on innocent civilians remains unclear.
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The Millau Viaduct transcends the typical bridge; it's a masterful blend of architecture and engineering. Its elegant cable-stayed design gracefully spans the Tarn River gorge, achieving both aesthetic beauty and structural efficiency. Setting multiple world records with its height and span, the viaduct's slender form minimizes its environmental impact, showcasing a triumph of modern bridge design.
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During Covid lockdowns, many children developed imaginary friends, like my son and his book-based pal, 'Big Bat'. Psychology professor Tracy Gleason explains that these friends can be anything, animated and personified by the child. Studies show up to 65% of 7-year-olds have them. Contrary to common assumptions, this isn't a sign of loneliness. Instead, it's a safe space for kids to navigate complex social dynamics, experiment with friendship rules and boundaries, and even express emotions and self-regulate. Imaginary friends can be kind or mischievous, mirroring the child's understanding of relationships. In short, imaginary friends are a normal and common part of childhood, often driven by fun and exploration, not psychological issues.
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The Hypr MCP team built an MCP Server Gateway, a reverse proxy that simplifies adding OAuth2 authentication to LLM-based workflows. This gateway addresses shortcomings in existing Identity Provider (IdP) software's support for the MCP specification's authorization framework, such as lack of support for Dynamic Client Registration (DCR) and Authorization Server Metadata (ASM). The article details the gateway's implementation, including using Dex as an IdP, handling CORS, and building OAuth2 middleware. It also discusses challenges encountered, like inconsistencies in client handling of dynamic client registration and error responses. The Hypr MCP Gateway offers an easy-to-use, robust solution for securely connecting internal applications to LLM workflows. Check out their open-sourced project on Github.
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This article explores whether engineering managers should write code. The author argues that all managers should be 'in the code,' understanding the codebase and how their team works, but not all managers need to be primary code writers. Managers should focus on improving team efficiency, such as hiring, strategy planning, decision-making, culture building, mentoring, etc. However, in the current economic climate, managers face higher efficiency demands and need to find a balance between being 'in the code' and fulfilling other management responsibilities. The article suggests methods for managers to be 'in the code,' such as setting aside dedicated coding time, pair programming with reports, doing code reviews, and increasing coding involvement during specific occasions (e.g., prototyping or incident handling). Ultimately, the author concludes that the key is whether managers are 'in the code,' not whether they primarily write code.
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The author participated in a Kaggle competition to predict survival chances after a bone marrow transplant. The competition's evaluation metric is a stratified concordance score designed to avoid overly disparate predictions for different racial groups. However, this metric has flaws: improving the score for one group doesn't always improve the overall score; it can even decrease it. While using an XGBoost model, the author found that simple decision tree ensemble models were more effective than complex statistical models, and explored the differences between statistical and machine learning approaches. Finally, the author discovered that adjusting the scale parameter of the AFT distribution significantly impacted model accuracy and posed several open questions for improving the model.
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Do you find yourself frequently criticizing others for laziness, stupidity, or hypocrisy? This article explores psychological projection, the tendency to displace undesirable feelings onto others, treating them as the source of internal conflicts we'd rather avoid. Examples range from resenting someone's wealth to disliking their hobbies, all stemming from unresolved personal insecurities. Recognizing and addressing these projected emotions is key to improving self-esteem and relationships. The article provides practical steps to identify and process projections, ultimately urging readers to confront their inner anxieties and achieve self-healing.
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El Salvador has agreed to accept US deportees, including US citizens convicted of crimes, in a controversial deal announced by US Secretary of State Marco Rubio. This unprecedented agreement has sparked outrage from human rights groups and legal experts who cite potential violations of international law and concerns over inhumane prison conditions in El Salvador. While El Salvador's President Bukele claims it will combat gang violence and ensure the sustainability of his prison system, the deal's legality and humanity remain highly questionable.
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The author contrasts the desktop and server experiences of Linux, finding the desktop remarkably user-friendly. However, the server side suffers from excessive complexity due to systemd and abstraction layers like Docker and Kubernetes, making troubleshooting difficult. FreeBSD, conversely, shines with its simplicity, stability, and ease of maintenance, even in disaster recovery scenarios. However, a growing trend of open-source software relying heavily on Docker deployment, lacking native installation methods, poses a challenge for FreeBSD users. The author highlights deployment difficulties with Immich and BunkerWeb as examples.
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